{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T06:18:52Z","timestamp":1700201932319},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,8]],"date-time":"2003-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transfusion"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:bold>BACKGROUND<\/jats:bold>: Newly implemented NAT has been shown to be able to effectively identify HCV\u2010positive blood donated during the preseroconversion period.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:bold>: EDTA\u2010plasma pools of 24 donations were tested using an HIV\u20101\/HCV multiplex NAT under an FDA\u2010approved IND application. Samples in a positive pool were retested individually. Positive samples were further tested by two discriminatory assays to determine specific viral reactivity. Upon obtaining informed consent, seronegative donors with positive NAT results were enrolled into a follow\u2010up study for risk factor analysis and laboratory testing.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>: A donation by a 29 year old female was identified as HCV NAT\u2010positive with negative serology and an elevated ALT. Her two previous donations, 5 and 12 months earlier, were both seronegative and with normal ALT. Her husband tested positive for HCV RNA. The donor remained seronegative for at least 36 days. The index donation had a viral RNA concentration of &gt;500,000 copies per mL while the first seropositive sample was NAT\u2010negative. Laboratory data on serial follow\u2010up samples showed 100\u2010 to 1,000\u2010fold fluctuations in viral load during a period of 48 days prior to seroconversion.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold>: This case suggests that, at least in some newly infected individuals, the HCV viral load can fluctuate dramatically prior to seroconversion, and that NAT, even on individual samples, will not totally prevent HCV transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00355.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,29]],"date-time":"2004-12-29T20:58:38Z","timestamp":1104353918000},"page":"541-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Fluctuation of HCV viral load before seroconversion in a healthy volunteer blood donor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Chyang T.","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie H.","family":"Tobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Haesche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Phelps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"German","family":"Leparc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/333195a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.7.1681.bloodjournal8571681","article-title":"To C or not to C: these are questions.","volume":"85","author":"Alter HJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199606273342601"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)06318-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2000.7830149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","first-page":"164","article-title":"High throughput assay for the simultaneous or separate detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis type C virus (HCV).","volume":"25","author":"McDonough SH","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infusionsther Transfusionsmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2408-2419.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a nucleic acid amplification assay (NAT) for simultaneous detection of HIV\u20101 and HCV RNA.","volume":"380","author":"Coste J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","unstructured":"Busch MP. Current policy issues in infectious disease screening. In: AuBuchon JP Petz L Fink A eds. Policy alternatives in transfusion medicine. Bethesda MD: American Association of Blood Banks 2001:86\u201099."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","unstructured":"Busch MP. Closing the windows on viral transmission by blood transfusion. In: Stramer SL ed. Blood safety and the new millennium. Bethesda MD: American Association of Blood Banks 2000:33\u201054."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5464.339"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75063"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04719-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","first-page":"3S","article-title":"HCV viral load in anti\u2010HCV\u2010positive donors and the outcome in their recipients (abstract).","volume":"41","author":"Operskalski EA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Possible HCV transmission from blood screened by pooled nucleic acid testing (abstract).","volume":"42","author":"Taylor C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","unstructured":"Mosley JW Nowicki MJ Wang L\u2010F et al. Polymerase chain reaction in detecting hepatitis C virus among blood donors. In: Brown F Vyas G eds. 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