{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:15:21Z","timestamp":1760782521705},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]],"date-time":"2003-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most commonly encountered cardiac rhythm disorder, affects approximately 1% of the general population and is associated with serious complications, most notably ischemic stroke. AF\u2010associated stroke occurs at an annual rate of 4.5%. Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin has been demonstrated in randomized controlled trials to reduce the risk for AF\u2010related stroke by two thirds, but warfarin therapy is markedly underused in clinical practice because of its narrow therapeutic window and its implications on quality of life. This article reviews the present knowledge and potential future research avenues for the role of antiplatelet therapy in AF as an alternative to anticoagulation with warfarin for prevention of AF\u2010associated stroke. Antiplatelet therapy recently has been shown to be protective against thrombotic events related to blood stasis. There is ample evidence from experimental and clinical studies that a combination of different antiplatelet agents may increase antithrombotic efficacy compared to monotherapy. Accordingly, a series of randomized controlled trials (ACTIVE [Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events]) has been designed to vigorously examine the role of combined antithrombotic therapy for prevention of vascular events, including stroke in high\u2010risk AF patients. The ACTIVE program began patient enrollment in spring 2003. <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. S60\u2010S63, September 2003, Suppl.)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]],"date-time":"2003-09-05T11:04:55Z","timestamp":1062759895000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Combined Antiplatelet Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation:"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"STEFAN H.","family":"HOHNLOSER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"STUART J.","family":"CONNOLLY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01587-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"American Heart Association 1998: Heart and Stroke Statistical Update. Dallas TX : American Heart Association 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370090041008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90585-W","article-title":"for the CAFA Study Coinvestigators: Canadian Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulation (CAFA) Study","volume":"18","author":"Connolly SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)91200-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.2.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011293232201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211123272002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420130036007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92358-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7329.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(96)00308-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","first-page":"112","article-title":"Antiplatelet therapy to prevent stroke: Risk of brain hemorrhage and efficacy of aspirin","volume":"153","author":"Diener HC","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70259-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(97)86566-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00003"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Primary prevention of arterial thromboembolism in patients with non\u2010rheumatic atrial fibrillation in general practice","volume":"7","author":"Hellemons BS","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","first-page":"687","article-title":"Warfarin versus aspirin for prevention of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation II Study","volume":"343","author":"Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.14.1513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7282.321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","first-page":"1295","article-title":"Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) trial","volume":"335","author":"Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) Trial Collaborative Group","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.22.2461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199812033392303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.16.1597"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.20.2126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199604253341702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2474"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.6.624"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.19.2411"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.1.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7194.1324"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:53:32Z","timestamp":1694429612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x"}},"subtitle":["Review of the Literature and Future Research Avenues"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"s9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.14.s9.12.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}