{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:09:42Z","timestamp":1763035782706},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]],"date-time":"2008-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2766,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Arrhythmogenic Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation. <jats:italic>Introduction<\/jats:italic>: Mapping procedures to identify triggers of atrial fibrillation from pulmonary veins (PVs) are not well established. We sought to determine the value of multipolar recordings from the coronary sinus (CS) and crista terminalis (CT) for identifying the origin of paced and atrial premature depolarizations (APDs) initiating atrial fibrillation from left versus right PVs.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results<\/jats:italic>: Fifteen patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation refractory to medications had decapolar catheters (5\u2010mm electrode, 2\u2010nmi interelectrode spacing) placed in the CS and posterior medial to the CT. Bipolar electrograms were recorded at each site. Electroanatomic left atrial endocardial maps were created in sinus rhythm, and each PV was identified and paced. During spontaneous APDs initiating atrial fibrillation and PV pace maps, the atrial activation and the earliest electrogram at CS and CT were compared. PV sites were designated as sites of origin of APDs when (1) intracardiac electrograms in the CS and CT during arrhythmogenic APDs matched those of Pv pace maps, (2) local activation preceded CS and CT recordings by at least 40 msec (all sites), and (3) atrial depolarizations were eliminated by application of radiofrequency energy (24\/26 sites). Pacing from each of the 30 right PV sites resulted in proximal to distal CS activation and later recordings at the CS than the CT (earliest CS\u2010CT activation range: \u201015 to \u2010 58 msec, mean \u201032 \u00b1 12). In contrast, pacing from the left PV sites typically (28\/30 sites) activated the CS from the distal to proximal poles and demonstrated simultaneous or earlier (CS\u2010CT range: \u201014 to +54 msec, mean 13 \u00b1 17) recordings of the CS than the CT (P &lt; 0.0001). For 13 APDs mapped to the right PVs, CS minus CT activation was \u201017 to \u201049 msec (mean \u2010 31 \u00b1 8). For 13 APDs localized to the left PVs, the CS minus CT activation time ranged from \u20108 to +28 msec (mean 14 \u00b1 15).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>: Activation sequence mapping from multipolar catheters placed in the CS and along the posterior medial CT rapidly differentiates right and left PV sites of origin of atrial depolarization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01300.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,13]],"date-time":"2003-08-13T14:20:37Z","timestamp":1060784437000},"page":"1300-1305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Localization of Arrhythmogenic Triggers of Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"MANISHA S.","family":"ASHAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOSEPH","family":"PENNINGTON","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DAVID J.","family":"CALLANS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"FRANCIS E.","family":"MARCHLINSKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1994.tb01197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1996.tb00492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809033391003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.3.572"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90346-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"816","article-title":"Predicting the origins of ectopic foci in patients with pulmonary vein dependent atrial fibrillation using limited catheters.(Abstract)","volume":"22","author":"Prakash VS","year":"1999","journal-title":"PACH"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Esophageal and coronary sinus sequences predict the pulmonary vein origin of atrial activation. (Abstract)","volume":"100","author":"Guerra PG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.647"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patterns of right atrial activation during left atrial tachycardias. (Abstract)","volume":"99","author":"Gottlieb GD","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"151A","article-title":"Right atrial activation with coronary sinus pacing: Insight into patterns of interatrial conduction. (Abstract)","volume":"33","author":"Rodriguez F","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.17.1791"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00211.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.34.3.412","article-title":"Junction between left atrium and pulmonary veins: An anatomic study of human hearts","volume":"34","author":"Nathan H","year":"1966","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1540-8167.2000.01300.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01300.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T13:43:26Z","timestamp":1698587006000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01300.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01300.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2000.01300.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,12]]}}}