{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:09:54Z","timestamp":1787004594922,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,30]],"date-time":"2004-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic>\n                    In animals, atrial fibrillation results in reversible atrial electrical remodeling manifested as shortening of the atrial effective refractory period, slowing of intra\u2010atrial conduction, and prolongation of sinus node recovery time. There is limited information on changes in these parameters after cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    Thirty\u2010eight patients who had been in atrial fibrillation for 1 to 12 months underwent electrophysiologic testing 10 minutes and 1 hour after cardioversion. At 1 week, 19 patients still in sinus rhythm returned for repeat testing. Reverse remodeling of the effective refractory period was not uniform across the three atrial sites tested. At the lateral right atrium, there was a highly significant increase in the effective refractory period between 10 minutes and 1 hour after cardioversion (drive cycle length 400 ms: 204 \u00b1 17 ms vs 211 \u00b1 20 ms, drive cycle length 550 ms: 213 \u00b1 18 ms vs 219 \u00b1 23 ms, P &lt; 0.001). The effective refractory period at the coronary sinus and distal coronary sinus did not change in the first hour but had increased by 1 week. The corrected sinus node recovery time did not change in the first hour but was shorter at 1 week (606 \u00b1 311 ms vs 408 \u00b1 160 ms, P = 0.009). P wave duration also was shorter at 1 week (135 \u00b1 18 ms vs 129 \u00b1 13 ms, P = 0.04) consistent with increasing atrial conduction velocity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                    The atrial effective refractory period increases, sinus node function improves, and atrial conduction velocity goes up in the first week after cardioversion of long\u2010standing atrial fibrillation in humans. Reverse electrical remodeling of the effective refractory period occurs at different rates in different regions of the atrium.\n                    <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 507\u2010512, May 2004)<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03217.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]],"date-time":"2010-08-16T05:30:10Z","timestamp":1281936610000},"page":"507-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Reversal of Electrical Remodeling After Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"MERRITT H.","family":"RAITT","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WALTER","family":"KUSUMOTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GEORGE","family":"GIRAUD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JOHN 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