{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:20:28Z","timestamp":1791069628534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,30]],"date-time":"2004-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Pulmonary veins (PVs) are known to initiate paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. T\u2010type calcium current (I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010T<\/jats:sub>) has a role in normal and abnormal automaticity of cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010T<\/jats:sub> contributes to PV electrical activity.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> By whole\u2010cell clamp techniques in rabbit myocytes, I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010T<\/jats:sub> was identified in 12 (39%) of 31 PV cardiomyocytes with pacemaker activity, 2 (9%) of 23 PV cardiomyocytes without pacemaker activity, and 2 (15%) of 13 atrial myocytes (P &lt; 0.05). Maximum I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010L<\/jats:sub> and I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010T<\/jats:sub> densities from PV cardiomyocytes with pacemaker activity were 6.87 \u00b1 2.17 pA\/pF and 1.38 \u00b1 0.69 pA\/pF, respectively. Nickel (40 \u03bcM) decreased the spontaneous activity in 5 (36%) of 14 PV cardiomyocytes (3.1 \u00b1 0.6 Hz vs 2.2 \u00b1 0.5 Hz, P &lt; 0.05), reduced the amplitudes of delayed afterdepolarization from 13 \u00b1 1 mV to 7 \u00b1 1 mV (n = 4, P &lt; 0.05) and inhibited transient inward currents from 1.2 \u00b1 0.2 pA\/pF to 0.7 \u00b1 0.1 pA\/pF (n = 11, P &lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusions:<\/jats:italic> We conclude that I<jats:sub>Ca\u2010T<\/jats:sub> contributes to PV pacemaker activity and triggered activity, which are of functional importance in PV arrhythmogenesis. <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 567\u2010571, May 2004)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.03399.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]],"date-time":"2010-08-16T09:29:53Z","timestamp":1281950993000},"page":"567-571","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["T\u2010Type Calcium Current in Electrical Activity 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