{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:40:48Z","timestamp":1790318448032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]],"date-time":"2004-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Myocardial cooling can induce J point elevation (Osborn wave) as seen on ECG of the Brugada syndrome by activating transient outward current (I<jats:sub>to<\/jats:sub>) and causing a spike\u2010and\u2010dome configuration of the monophasic action potential (MAP) in the ventricular epicardium in isolated canine ventricular wedge preparations. We determined the effect of regional epicardial cooling of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) on surface ECG and ventricular vulnerability in the dog.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> In 12 dogs, a cooling device (20\u2010mm diameter) was attached to the RVOT epicardium, and surface ECG, epicardial MAP, and endocardial MAP were recorded. Regional cooling (29.7\u00b0C \u00b1 2.2\u00b0C) elevated the J point from 0.05 \u00b1 0.06 mV to 0.12 \u00b1 0.11 mV and induced T wave inversion (from 0.02 \u00b1 0.12 mV to \u22120.27 \u00b1 0.20 mV) in lead V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> in association with \u201cspike\u2010and\u2010dome\u201d configuration of the epicardial MAP. Cooling prolonged MAP duration in the RVOT epicardium from 172 \u00b1 27 ms to 213 \u00b1 30 ms (P &lt; 0.01) but not in the RV endocardium and increased transmural dispersion of MAP duration from 9 \u00b1 8 ms to 44 \u00b1 21 ms (P &lt; 0.01). Cooling also prolonged the QT interval in lead V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> from 191 \u00b1 19 ms to 212 \u00b1 23 ms (P &lt; 0.05), but not in lead V<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>, and increased spatial dispersion of QT interval from 7 \u00b1 5 ms to 20 \u00b1 10 ms (P &lt; 0.01). QT interval in lead V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> correlated positively with MAP duration in the RVOT epicardium (r = 0.75). T wave amplitude in lead V<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> correlated inversely with transmural dispersion of MAP duration in the RVOT (r =\u22120.74). Vagal nerve stimulation accentuated the cooling\u2010induced changes. During cooling, ventricular fibrillation was induced by a single extrastimulus in 2 of 4 dogs, and additional vagal nerve stimulation during isoproterenol administration induced spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in one dog.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> Localized epicardial cooling of the RVOT could be an in vivo experimental model of Brugada syndrome. <jats:italic>(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 936\u2010941, August 2004)<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04041.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,16]],"date-time":"2010-08-16T09:38:16Z","timestamp":1281951496000},"page":"936-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Canine Model of Brugada Syndrome Using Regional Epicardial Cooling of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"KUNIHIRO","family":"NISHIDA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AKIRA","family":"FUJIKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KOICHI","family":"MIZUMAKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MASAO","family":"SAKABE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MASATAKA","family":"SUGAO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TAKAYUKI","family":"TSUNEDA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HIROSHI","family":"INOUE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90253-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.2.372"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01964-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.15.1660"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(05)80007-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1953.175.3.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.69.6.1427"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.62.1.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950170002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017528"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"71","article-title":"Cardiac electrophysiology during hypothermia. 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