{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T18:59:21Z","timestamp":1761764361113},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,29]],"date-time":"2004-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiovasc electrophysiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> <jats:italic>Introduction:<\/jats:italic> Class I antiarrhythmic drugs increase duration of the excitable gap (EG) during typical atrial flutter whereas intravenous class III drugs decrease the EG. The effect of chronic oral amiodarone therapy on the EG is unknown.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Methods and Results:<\/jats:italic> EG was prospectively determined by introducing a premature stimulus and analyzing the response pattern during typical atrial flutter in 30 patients without antiarrhythmic drugs and in 20 patients under chronic oral amiodarone therapy. EG was calculated by the difference between the longest coupling interval leading to resetting and the effective atrial refractory period (EARP). A fully EG was defined by the portion of EG where the response curve of the return cycles was flat. A partially EG was defined by the portion of EG where the return cycle increases while coupling interval decreases. A resetting response curve was constructed by plotting the duration of the return cycle against the value of the coupling interval. Cycle length (CL; 222 \u00b1 17 vs 267 \u00b1 20 msec, P &lt; 0.0001), EARP (128 \u00b1 16 vs 152 \u00b1 18 msec, P &lt; 0.0001), and EG (54 \u00b1 19 vs 70 \u00b1 21 msec, P = 0.01) were significantly longer in patients taking amiodarone than in controls. Compared to CL, the relative part of the EARP (57 \u00b1 7 vs 57 \u00b1 6%, P = 0.96) and EG (24 \u00b1 7 vs 26 \u00b1 8%, P = 0.41) were comparable in both groups. The fully EG was larger in patients under chronic amiodarone therapy than in controls (39 \u00b1 21 vs 26 \u00b1 20 msec, P = 0.03). Neither duration of the partially EG (28 \u00b1 15 vs 31 \u00b1 15 msec, P = 0.42) nor slope of the ascending portion of the resetting response curve (1.15 \u00b1 0.5 vs 1.13 \u00b1 0.4 msec\/msec, P = 0.71) differed between the two groups.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:italic>Conclusion:<\/jats:italic> EG in patients under chronic amiodarone therapy is significantly larger than in controls, mainly because of a longer fully EG. This observation may be explained by opposite effects on conduction velocity and refractoriness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]],"date-time":"2004-12-13T22:54:30Z","timestamp":1102978470000},"page":"1416-1423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Chronic Amiodarone Therapy on Excitable Gap During Typical Human Atrial Flutter"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"PHILIPPE","family":"MAURY","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MARC","family":"ZIMMERMANN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"Le flutter et ses limites","volume":"1","author":"Puech P","year":"1970","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.84.2.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)91014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"95","volume-title":"The Atrium in Health and Disease","author":"Josephson ME"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00094.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00383-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2268"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Atrial Flutter: Advances in Mechanisms and Management","author":"Della Bella P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.12.4298"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","first-page":"1832","article-title":"The Sicilian Gambit. A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms","volume":"84","author":"Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.19.1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Clinical Approaches to Arrhythmias, Volume 14","author":"Waldo AL"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.44.3.240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90102-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(89)90048-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80350-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1996.tb03261.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000025635.38200.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.16.1589"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.3.1063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.2032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.69.2.519"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00069-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Amiodarone: Aujourd'Hui et Perspectives d'Avenir (Cardiostim 1990)","author":"Puech P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.9.1317"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","first-page":"244","article-title":"Excitable gap composition in the presence of antiarrhythmic drugs in common human atrial flutter","volume":"19","author":"Jalil E","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.53.237"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00010-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.1.274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.2.686"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(91)90773-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.3.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16458.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Cellular electropharmacology of amiodarone","volume":"35","author":"Kodama I","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.79.4.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80273-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(89)90402-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Therapeutic value of esophageal stimulation","volume":"40","author":"Chabert JP","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Cardiol Angeiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.60.3.665"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","first-page":"311","article-title":"La stimulation transoesophagienne dans le traitement du flutter et de la tachysystolie auriculaire","volume":"3","author":"Gallay P","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Mal C\u0153ur"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90852-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80046-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.6.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","first-page":"159","article-title":"Traitement du flutter auriculaire par la stimulation auriculaire endocavitaire","volume":"2","author":"Puech P","year":"1973","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","first-page":"375","volume-title":"Atrial Flutter: Advances in Mechanisms and Management","author":"Klein H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","first-page":"41","article-title":"Gaps: Practical implications","volume":"91","author":"Poty H","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur"}],"container-title":["Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1046%2Fj.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T03:59:15Z","timestamp":1694404755000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2004.04391.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1045-3873","1540-8167"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1045-3873","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8167","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}