{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:24:24Z","timestamp":1781519064135,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFB3100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFB3100200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022QF039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QF039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Information Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lattice\u2010based encryption schemes are significant cryptographic primitives to defend information security against quantum menace, and the decryption failure rate is related to both theoretical and realistic security. We quantitatively analyze how the floating\u2010point arithmetic and neglecting small probabilities impact the precision, and propose a new effective and efficient test of the failure probability. Therein explicit criteria are given to select the floating\u2010point datatype and to decide which small probabilities should be abandoned. Furthermore, the outcome is theoretically ensured to meet a given precision. Moreover, by combining the heuristic estimate and the precise simulation, this test is more efficient than previously neglecting small probabilities in a practical way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/2024\/2786399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T12:50:07Z","timestamp":1706014207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["On Accuracy of Testing Decryption Failure Rate for Encryption Schemes under the LWE Assumption"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6421-5498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-8195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9289-5918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiwen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-58691-1_68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0097539795293172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359340.359342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1985.1057074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-46885-4_68","volume-title":"Advances in Cryptology\u2014EUROCRYPT \u201989","author":"Schnorr C. P.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39799-X_31"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1090\/S0025-5718-1987-0866109-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Announcing request for nominations for public-key post-quantum cryptographic algorithms 2016 https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/News\/2016\/Public-Key-Post-Quantum-Cryptographic-Algorithms."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-quantum cryptography PQC selected algorithms 2022 September2022 https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/Projects\/post-quantum-cryptography\/selected-algorithms-2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology Post-quantum cryptography PQC September2022 https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/projects\/post-quantum-cryptography."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1561\/0400000074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","unstructured":"National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST post-quantum cryptography PQC round 3 submissions 2022 https:\/\/csrc.nist.gov\/Projects\/post-quantum-cryptography\/post-quantum-cryptography-standardization\/round-3-submissions."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","unstructured":"SchwabeP. Crystals cryptographic suite for algebraic lattices April2022 https:\/\/pq-crystals.org\/kyber\/index.shtml."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Knapsack-type cryptosystems and algebraic coding theory","volume":"15","author":"Niederreiter H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Problems of Control and Information Theory"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0054868"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1568318.1568324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-19074-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2535925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BosJ. DucasL. KiltzE. LepointT. LyubashevskyV. SchanckJ. M. SchwabeP. SeilerG. andStehl\u00e9D. CRYSTALS-Kyber: a CCA-secure module-lattice-based KEM 2018 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P) 2018 IEEE 353\u2013367.","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2018.00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29011-4_42"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-89339-6_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","unstructured":"AlkimE. BosJ. W. DucasL. LongaP. MironovI. NaehrigM. NikolaenkoV. PeikertC. RaghunathanA. andStebilaD. FrodoKEM practical quantum-secure key encapsulation from generic lattices April2022 https:\/\/frodokem.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","unstructured":"D\u2019AnversJ. P. KarmakarA. RoyS. S. VercauterenF. MeraJ. M. B. BeirendonckM. V. andBassoA. Saber MLWR-based KEM April2022 https:\/\/www.esat.kuleuven.be\/cosic\/pqcrypto\/saber\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-17259-6_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-70500-2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-96878-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DumanJ. H\u00f6velmannsK. KiltzE. LyubashevskyV. andSeilerG. Faster lattice-based KEMs via a generic Fujisaki-Okamoto transform using prefix hashing Proceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. CCS \u201921 2021 New York NY USA Association for Computing Machinery 2722\u20132737 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3460120.3484819.","DOI":"10.1145\/3460120.3484819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-44223-1_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45727-3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","unstructured":"SaadY. Floating point arithmetic\u2014error analysis lecturenotes ofcomputational aspects of matrix theory 2018 https:\/\/www-users.cselabs.umn.edu\/Fall-2018\/csci5304\/FILES\/LecN4.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Std 754-2019 (Revision of IEEE 754-2008)","author":"IEEE Computer Society","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/11556992_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","unstructured":"BaulchN. Array types and conversions between types 2004 https:\/\/www.codeproject.com\/articles\/6612\/interpreting-intel-80-bit-long-double-byte-arrays."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","unstructured":"NumPy Developers Array types and conversions between types October2022 https:\/\/numpy.org\/doc\/stable\/user\/basics.types.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36030-6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38348-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","unstructured":"AlkimE. DucasL. P\u00f6ppelmannT. andSchwabeP. Post-quantum key exchange\u2014a new hope 25th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 16) 2016 Austin TX USENIX Association 327\u2013343 https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/usenixsecurity16\/technical-sessions\/presentation\/alkim."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-25510-7_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2633600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10623-014-9938-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GentryC. PeikertC. andVaikuntanathanV. Trapdoors for hard lattices and new cryptographic constructions Proceedings of the Fortieth Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing. STOC \u201908 2008 New York NY USA Association for Computing Machinery 197\u2013206 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1374376.1374407.","DOI":"10.1145\/1374376.1374407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29011-4_41"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangJ. ZhangZ. andGeA. Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption from lattices Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Information Computer and Communications Security. ASIACCS \u201912 2012 New York NY USA Association for Computing Machinery 16\u201317 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2414456.2414464 2-s2.0-84871968313.","DOI":"10.1145\/2414456.2414464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55220-5_30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48797-6_23"}],"container-title":["IET Information Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ietis\/2024\/2786399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ietis\/2024\/2786399.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/2024\/2786399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T08:50:20Z","timestamp":1762332620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/2024\/2786399"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jin Wook","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/2024\/2786399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/2024\/2786399","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-8709","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8717","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2786399"}}