{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T16:58:12Z","timestamp":1762361892219,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":234,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/W034522\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/W034522\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101006411"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101006411"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper investigates a backscatter communication (BackCom) based non\u2010orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system in a multiple\u2010input and single\u2010output (MISO) scenario, where two decoding methods are deployed, including the sum\u2010capacity approach and QR decomposition. The goal is to maximize energy efficiency (EE) through the optimization of the beamforming matrix and the reflection coefficient of the BackCom devices. Two algorithms, Dinkelbach based on penalty semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and successive convex approximation (SCA), are proposed as high\u2010performance and low\u2010complexity solutions, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the combination of the sum\u2010capacity approach and Dinkelbach yields the best performance, though at the highest complexity, while the amalgamation of QR decomposition and SCA offers the lowest performance but with minimal complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/2024\/4107801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T15:47:22Z","timestamp":1724341642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Energy\u2010Efficiency Maximization in Backscatter Communication\u2010Based Non\u2010Orthogonal Multiple Access System: Dinkelbach and Successive Convex Approximation Approaches"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6474-4154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dingjia","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaidi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"UpadhyayaP. 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