{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T08:55:12Z","timestamp":1762332912153,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFA1000600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFA1000600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009108","name":"Shandong University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61580089963177","61580082063088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61580089963177","61580082063088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010040","name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62032014","62002202","62002204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62032014","62002202","62002204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR202010220025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR202010220025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012905","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SYS202201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYS202201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012905","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Information Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    At Eurocrypt 2020, Coron et al. proposed a masking technique allowing the use of random numbers from pseudo\u2010random generators (PRGs) to largely reduce the use of expansive true\u2010random generators (TRNGs). For security against\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    probes, they describe a construction using 2\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    PRGs, each of which is fed with at most 2\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    random variables in a finite field, resulting in a randomness requirement of . In this paper, we improve the technique on multiple frontiers. On the theoretical level, we push the limits of the randomness requirement by providing an improved masking multiplication using only\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    PRGs, each of which is fed with\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    random variables, saving more than half random bits. On the practical level, considering that the masking of arithmetic addition usually requires more randomness (than multiplication), we apply the technique to the algorithm proposed at FSE 2015 that is a very efficient scheme performing arithmetic addition modulo 2\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    . It significantly reduces the randomness cost of masked arithmetic addition, and further advocates the advantage of masking with PRGs. Furthermore, we apply our masking scheme to the\n                    <jats:sc>Speck<\/jats:sc>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:sc>XTEA<\/jats:sc>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:sc>Sparkle<\/jats:sc>\n                    , and provide the first (to the best of our knowledge) higher order masked implementations for the ciphers using ARX structure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/2024\/5544999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T14:50:05Z","timestamp":1705589405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Masking Multiplication with PRGs and Its Application to Arithmetic Addition"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3004-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bohan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7087-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanjie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8520-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6982-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-68697-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-48405-1_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-55220-5_24"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BartheG. Bela\u00efdS. DupressoirF. FouqueP.-A. Gr\u00e9goireB. StrubP.-Y. andZucchiniR. WeipplE. R. KatzenbeisserS. KruegelC. MyersA. C. andHaleviS. Strong non-interference and type-directed higher-order masking Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security 2016 Vienna Austria ACM 116\u2013129 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2976749.2978427 2-s2.0-84995528466.","DOI":"10.1145\/2976749.2978427"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.10206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-45727-3_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39206-1_49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45146-4_27"},{"volume-title":"Tea Extensions","year":"1997","author":"Needham R. M.","key":"e_1_2_12_9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BeaulieuR. ShorsD. SmithJ. Treatman-ClarkS. WeeksB. andWingersL. The SIMON and SPECK lightweight block ciphers Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference 2015 San Francisco CA USA ACM 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2744769.2747946 2-s2.0-84944080712.","DOI":"10.1145\/2744769.2747946"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-56877-1_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tosc.v2020.iS1.208-261"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44709-1_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2021.i3.275-297"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44709-3_11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45238-6_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33027-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13389-018-0191-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10175-0_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-48116-5_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2018.i2.22-45"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66787-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2021.i4.173-214"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21568-2_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78375-8_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49896-5_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1973.5009159"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46586\/tches.v2023.i2.286-309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02410779"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","first-page":"414","article-title":"Masked accelerators and instruction set extensions for post-quantum cryptography","volume":"2022","author":"Fritzmann T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"IACR Transactions on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems"}],"container-title":["IET Information Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ietis\/2024\/5544999.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ietis\/2024\/5544999.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/2024\/5544999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T08:50:48Z","timestamp":1762332648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/2024\/5544999"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Qichun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/2024\/5544999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/2024\/5544999","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8709","1751-8717"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1751-8709"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1751-8717"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-18","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5544999"}}