{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:19:51Z","timestamp":1773008391808,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":194,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJQN202300637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJQN202300637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to solve the problems of low contrast and weak detail information of endoscope images, the image adaptive histogram detail enhancement algorithm is presented. Although the adaptive histogram equalization (AHE) algorithm has been studied in some depth, the detail enhancement algorithm is relatively complicated and difficult to implement in endoscope hardware. In order to realize the real\u2010time and adaptive enhancement of endoscope image details on the hardware system, the AHE algorithm is improved to reduce the hardware resource consumption and time complexity. The improved algorithm selects the segmentation condition suitable for real\u2010time image, the threshold interception, and the pipeline structure to process the low contrast endoscopic image. Xilinx\u2019s Artix\u20107 chip is used to implement the hardware circuit and process images with a resolution of 640\u2009x\u2009480 in real time at a rate of up to 160 frames per second. The design utilizes 25K look\u2010up tables (LUTs), 6K flip\u2013flops, and 33 block RAMS. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has the characteristics of fast processing speed, good detail enhancement effect, and strong portability, which can meet the requirements of real\u2010time video processing in endoscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cds2\/4098208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T12:50:32Z","timestamp":1752497432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research on Real\u2010Time Detail Enhancement Algorithm for Endoscopic Video Images and Hardware Implementation"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9097-6591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianci","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-8765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-2466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanfa","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2504-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenpeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangS. TianY. ZhengM. DuY. ChenH. andSongF. A Review of Image Enhancement Technology Research 2021 3rd International Conference on Machine Learning Big Data and Business Intelligence (MLBDBI) 2021 China IEEE 715\u2013720.","DOI":"10.1109\/MLBDBI54094.2021.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MeenaS. K. PotnisA. MishraM. DwivedyP. andSoofiS. Review and Application of Different Contrast Enhancement Technique on Various Images 2017 1st International Conference on Electronics Materials Engineering and Nano-Technology (IEMENTech) 2017 Kolkata India IEEE 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMENTECH.2017.8076993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AlaviM.andKargariM. A New Contrast Enhancement Method for Color Dark and Low-Light Images 2022 9th Iranian Joint Congress on Fuzzy and Intelligent Systems (CFIS) 2022 Bam Iran IEEE 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/CFIS54774.2022.9756426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MaC. XuC. ZhouP. andZhangY. Low-Light Aerial Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on Retinex Theory 2023 International Conference on Image Processing Computer Vision and Machine Learning (ICICML) 2023 Chengdu China IEEE 138\u2013142.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICML60161.2023.10424790"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3221407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhaoL. GongX. LiuK. WangJ. ZhaoB. andLiuY. Color Channel Fusion Network For Low-Light Image Enhancement 2021 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) 2021 Anchorage AK USA IEEE 1654\u20131658.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP42928.2021.9506305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KumariA. JainN. andKumarV. Enhancement of Liver Ultrasound Images by Guided Image Filtering Technique 2000 International Conference on Signal and Information Processing (IConSIP) 2022 Pune India IEEE 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICoNSIP49665.2022.10007499"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3065104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiH. AnW. ZhengZ. HuangL. LiuL. andLiZ. Z. Development of an Electronic Target-Type Optical Performance Calibration Device for Medical Rigid Endoscopes 2024 IEEE International Conference on Manipulation Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO) 2024 Zhongshan China IEEE 649\u2013652.","DOI":"10.1109\/3M-NANO61605.2024.10769708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiY. FanJ. AiD. SongH. WangY. andYangJ. A General Endoscopic Image Enhancement Method Based on Pre-Trained Generative Adversarial Networks 2020 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) 2020 Seoul Korea (South) IEEE 2403\u20132408.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBM49941.2020.9313443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2853808"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2018.2869530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LongM. LanZ. XieX. LiG. andWangZ. Image Enhancement Method Based on Adaptive Fraction Gamma Transformation and Color Restoration for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy 2018 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) 2018 Cleveland OH USA IEEE 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2018.8584793"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZouS. LongM. WangX. XieX. LiG. andWangZ. A CNN-Based Blind Denoising Method for Endoscopic Images 2019 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) 2019 Nara Japan IEEE 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOCAS.2019.8918994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangD. Research on Road Image Enhancement Based on Histogram Equalization 2023 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electrical Engineering Big Data and Algorithms (EEBDA) 2023 Changchun China IEEE 178\u2013183.","DOI":"10.1109\/EEBDA56825.2023.10090505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SinghS. SahilM. KumarB. andSinghH. Performance Evaluation of Various Histogram Equalization Techniques on Thermal Images 2023 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Machine Intelligence (CVMI) 2023 Gwalior India IEEE 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVMI59935.2023.10464646"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FadillahM. F. NurmalasariR. R. KameliaL. andMursidin The Combination of Contrast Stretching and Histogram Equalization Methods to Optimizing Radiology Image Quality 2023 9th International Conference on Wireless and Telematics (ICWT) 2023 Solo Indonesia IEEE 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWT58823.2023.10335190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DubeyV.andKataryaR. Adaptive Histogram Equalization based Approach for SAR Image Enhancement: A Comparative Analysis 2021 5th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) 2021 Madurai India IEEE 878\u2013883.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICCS51141.2021.9432287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LuQ. LiaoX. andHuangY. Adaptive Local Repair Based on Histogram Equalization Image Enhancement Algorithm 2024 2nd International Conference on Algorithm Image Processing and Machine Vision (AIPMV) 2024 Zhenjiang China IEEE 121\u2013126.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIPMV62663.2024.10692203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangH. An Efficient High-definition Real-Time Hardware Design for Bilateral Filtering 2023 6th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET) 2023 Chengdu China IEEE 960\u2013964.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICET58434.2023.10211965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GaoY. SuC. andXuZ. Color Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on Improved Retinex Algorithm 2022 Asia Conference on Algorithms Computing and Machine Learning (CACML) 2022 Hangzhou China IEEE 234\u2013238.","DOI":"10.1109\/CACML55074.2022.00046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LeeH. ChooH. LeD. T. andBumJ. Chest Radiographs Enhancement With Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram 2023 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication (IMCOM) 2023 Seoul Korea IEEE 1\u20132.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCOM56909.2023.10035649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HondaK. WeiK. AraiM. andAmanoH. CLAHE Implementation on a Low-End FPGA board by High-Level Synthesis 2020 Eighth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW) 2020 Naha Japan IEEE 282\u2013285.","DOI":"10.1109\/CANDARW51189.2020.00061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2023.3269206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PawanaI. G. N. A. WidyantaraI. M. O. SudarmaM. LinawatiL. andWirastutiN. Image Enhancement Using CLAHE and Noise Removal for Shoreline Detection Framework 3rd International Conference on Smart Cities Automation & Intelligent Computing Systems (ICON-SONICS) 2023 Bali Indonesia IEEE 183\u2013188 2023.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICON-SONICS59898.2023.10435197"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KokufutaK.andMaruyamaT. Real-Time Processing of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization on FPGA 2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications 2010 Milan Italy IEEE 155\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1109\/FPL.2010.37"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangC. ZhangZ. LiuJ. GaoY. HuangL. andFanY. High Throughput and Low Latency Hardware of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization Algorithm 2022 IEEE 16th International Conference on Solid-State & Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT) 2022 Nangjing China IEEE 1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSICT55466.2022.9963186"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KimD. HyunJ. andMoonB. Memory-Efficient Architecture for Contrast Enhancement and Integral Image Computation 2020 International Conference on Electronics Information and Communication (ICEIC) 2020 Barcelona Spain IEEE 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEIC49074.2020.9051296"}],"container-title":["IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/cds2\/4098208","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1049\/cds2\/4098208","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/cds2\/4098208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:21:21Z","timestamp":1773001281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/cds2\/4098208"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shashikant","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/cds2\/4098208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cds2\/4098208","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-858X","1751-8598"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-858X","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8598","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4098208"}}