{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:52:18Z","timestamp":1775069538805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":344,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Approximate computing (AC)\u2010based arithmetic circuits have not been reliable in sensitive applications like difference detection of bioimages. This article declares that the challenge is not established constantly. Accordingly, a new AC\u2010based compressor with 16 transistors based on compound gates is proposed. The cell is implemented by complementary metal\u2013oxide\u2010semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and a novel approximate sum of absolute differences (SADs) unit is proposed using the compressor. Also, an error\u2010correction module (ECM) is presented to improve the accuracy and error reduction of approximate SAD. The circuit performance and the accuracy of the output image after embedding the compressor in SAD are extracted, and the results show the superiority of the proposed circuits. The acceptable accuracy and performance of the SAD are proven versus standard and bioimages. In comparison with the exact type, the represented approximate 4:2 compressor reduces the power and power\u2010delay\u2010product (PDP) by 80% and 96%, respectively, while the utilization of the proposed compressor in SAD decreases the average power by 35% and reduces 43% of the average PDP. The quality and accuracy of the figure of merits (FoMs) support the main idea of this study for a new generation of AC\u2010based circuits that are applicable in bioimage processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cds2\/5943150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T09:02:11Z","timestamp":1765443731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Accuracy Improvement in Approximate Sum of Absolute Differences Circuit Using Error Correction Module for Difference Detection in Bio\u2010Images"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8545-3559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Forouzan","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7736-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saina Parvanehnezhad","family":"Shirazian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabiollah","family":"Shiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3030121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3006451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3068971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.909504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cta.3551"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2014.2308214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2016.2643639"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2017.2746084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2016.2643003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.2988353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2021.3104145"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3242558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LES.2021.3113005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","article-title":"A New Approximate Sum of Absolute Differences Unit for Bioimages Processing","author":"Bahrami F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"Design of Ultra-Low Power Consumption Approximate 4-2 Compressors Based on the Compensation Characteristic","volume":"68","author":"Pei H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2017.2728802"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2023.108729"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2023.105757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2024.3437235"}],"container-title":["IET Circuits, Devices &amp; 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