{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T15:12:09Z","timestamp":1761664329498,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CAAI Trans on Intel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An excellent cardinality estimation can make the query optimiser produce a good execution plan. Although there are some studies on cardinality estimation, the prediction results of existing cardinality estimators are inaccurate and the query efficiency cannot be guaranteed as well. In particular, they are difficult to accurately obtain the complex relationships between multiple tables in complex database systems. When dealing with complex queries, the existing cardinality estimators cannot achieve good results. In this study, a novel cardinality estimator is proposed. It uses the core techniques with the BiLSTM network structure and adds the attention mechanism. First, the columns involved in the query statements in the training set are sampled and compressed into bitmaps. Then, the Word2vec model is used to embed the word vectors about the query statements. Finally, the BiLSTM network and attention mechanism are employed to deal with word vectors. The proposed model takes into consideration not only the correlation between tables but also the processing of complex predicates. Extensive experiments and the evaluation of BiLSTM\u2010Attention Cardinality Estimator (BACE) on the IMDB datasets are conducted. The results show that the deep learning model can significantly improve the quality of cardinality estimation, which is a vital role in query optimisation for complex databases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cit2.12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T09:00:14Z","timestamp":1638435614000},"page":"537-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A BiLSTM cardinality estimator in complex database systems based on attention mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Haiquan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power University  Baoding China"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Shengjie","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Media Art, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Conservatory of Music  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}]},{"given":"Louis Alberto","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute  New York New York USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4703-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaojie","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Software Engineering Chengdu University of Information Technology  Chengdu China"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"9th Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, CIDR 2019, Asilomar, CA, USA, January 13\u201316, 2019, Online Proceedings","year":"2019","author":"Kipf A.","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Survey on target site prediction of human mirna based on deep learning","volume":"48","author":"Ya\u2010nan L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computer Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"194","article-title":"Review of comment\u2010oriented aspect\u2010based sentiment analysis","volume":"47","author":"Yan Z.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computer Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37965\/jait.2021.0014"},{"volume-title":"Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ACL 2016, August 7\u201012, 2016, Berlin, Germany. 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