{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T17:12:53Z","timestamp":1771089173467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022955","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GK259909299001\u2010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK259909299001\u2010006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004750","name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022Z0710T5001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022Z0710T5001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004750","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["CAAI Trans on Intel Tech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In the field of infrared small target detection (ISTD), the ability to detect targets in dim environments is critical, as it improves the performance of target recognition in nighttime and harsh weather conditions. The blurry contour, small size and sparse distribution of infrared small targets increase the difficulty of identifying such targets in cluttered backgrounds. Existing methodologies fall short of satisfying the requisites for the detection and categorisation of infrared small targets. To address these challenges and to enhance the precision of small object detection and classification, this paper introduces an innovative approach called location refinement and adjacent feature fusion YOLO (LA\u2010YOLO), which enhances feature extraction by integrating a multi\u2010head self\u2010attention mechanism (MSA). We have improved the feature fusion method to merge adjacent features, to enhance information utilisation in the path aggregation network (PAN). Lastly, we introduce supervision on the target centre points in the detection network. Empirical results on publicly available datasets demonstrate that LA\u2010YOLO achieves an impressive average precision (AP) of 92.46% on IST\u2010A and a mean average precision (mAP) of 84.82% on FLIR. The results surpass those of contemporary state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art detectors, striking a balance between precision and speed. LA\u2010YOLO emerges as a viable and efficacious solution for ISTD, making a substantial contribution to the progression of infrared imagery analysis. The code is available at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/liusjo\/LA-YOLO\">https:\/\/github.com\/liusjo\/LA\u2010YOLO<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cit2.70070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:40:09Z","timestamp":1759840809000},"page":"1893-1903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LA\u2010YOLO: Location Refinement and Adjacent Feature Fusion\u2010Based Infrared Small Target Detection"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9146-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shijie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University  Hangzhou 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China"}]},{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Xiasha Higher Education Zone  Hangzhou China"}]},{"given":"Changmiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data  Shenzhen 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