{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T14:59:52Z","timestamp":1777129192254,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006560","name":"Yildiz Teknik \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FBA\u20102025\u20106780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FBA\u20102025\u20106780"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006560","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study presents the design and optimization of a microstrip monopole antenna for 5G sub\u20106 GHz applications, employing a deep learning\u2010based surrogate model combined with honeybee mating optimization (HBMO). The studied antenna structure employs air via arrays, intended to enhance antenna performance, including improved impedance matching and increased bandwidth. It is important to note that, unlike conventional antennas, the proposed design does not include a fully enclosed metallic cavity similar to a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna designs. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact of these parameters, emphasizing the need for optimal tuning. To generate training and test datasets efficiently, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was used. A convolutional neural network (CNN) surrogate model was trained, outperforming other machine learning (ML) algorithms in predictive accuracy and generalization. The proposed CNN\u2010HBMO framework reduced computational costs by minimizing the need for expensive electromagnetic (EM) simulations, enabling rapid design space exploration. The optimized antenna was fabricated and validated through experimental measurements, achieving 2\u20133 dBi gain and \ud835\udc46\n                    <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; \u221210 dB across the 2.7\u20135.2 GHz band. Compared to existing designs, the proposed antenna offers a compact size (34 \u00d7 34\u00a0mm) with competitive performance, making it suitable for multi\u2010band 5G applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T13:30:47Z","timestamp":1767619847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Microstrip Monopole Antenna Design for 5G Sub\u20106 GHz Applications Using Deep Learning"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6575-4661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berker","family":"\u00c7olak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Iskenderun Technical University  Hatay T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Ali","family":"Belen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Iskenderun Technical University  Hatay T\u00fcrkiye"}]},{"given":"Farzad","family":"Kiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Application and Research Center (VEBIM) Fatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif University  Istanbul Turkey"}]},{"given":"Ozlem","family":"Tari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science \u0130stanbul Arel University  Istanbul Turkey"}]},{"given":"Peyman","family":"Mahouti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Y\u0131ld\u0131z Technical University  \u0130stanbul Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1423-1569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oguzhan","family":"Akgol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Iskenderun Technical University  Hatay T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering United Arab Emirates University  Al Ain UAE"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Pradeep J.Kottareddygari andC.Paidimarry \u201cDesign of a Dual\u2010Band Monopole Antenna for Internet of Things and Sub\u20106 GHz 5G Applications \u201d in2024 IEEE Wireless Antenna and Microwave Symposium (WAMS)(2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WAMS59642.2024.10528093.","DOI":"10.1109\/WAMS59642.2024.10528093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"U.Farooq M.Nasir A.Iftikhar et\u00a0al. \u201cA Compact Monopole Patch Antenna for Future Sub 6 GHz 5G Wireless Applications \u201d in2020 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and North American Radio Science Meeting(2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329624.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF35879.2020.9329624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2774138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3137198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2896761"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3474096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3317371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.Mahouti A.K\u0131z\u0131lay O.Tari A.Belen andM. A.Belen \u201cDesign Optimization of Ultra Wide Band Vivaldi Antenna Using Artificial Intelligence \u201d in2021 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES)(2021).","DOI":"10.13052\/2021.ACES.J.361211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1069362310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.Uluslu \u201cDesign of Microstrip Filter by Modeling With Reduced Data \u201dThe Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal (ACES)(2021).","DOI":"10.13052\/2021.ACES.J.361109"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"316","article-title":"Application of Artificial Neural Network Base Enhanced MLP Model for Scattering Parameter Prediction of Dual\u2010Band Helical Antenna","volume":"38","author":"Uluslu A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13052\/2024.ACES.J.390503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"Support Vector Regression Machines","volume":"9","author":"Drucker H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmp.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3137198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4065777"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808\u2010023\u201001828\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12071584"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Design of a Front\u2013End Amplifier for the Maximum Power Delivery and Required Noise by HBMO With Support Vector Microstrip Model","volume":"23","author":"G\u00fcne\u015f F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radioengineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37868\/hsd.v5i1.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402\u20104896\/ad1d40"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.31603712\/BELEN"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.33867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.34159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","article-title":"Design of a Dual\u2010Band Multilayer Antenna and its Equivalent Circuit Modeling With Vector\u2010Fitting and Genetic Algorithm","volume":"138","author":"Goswami S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"AEU\u2010International Journal of Electronics and Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2024.3509212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mop.70163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3472310"}],"container-title":["IET Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/cmu2.70127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T13:30:49Z","timestamp":1767619849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/cmu2.70127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/cmu2.70127"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/cmu2.70127","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8628","1751-8636"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-8628","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8636","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70127"}}