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To address this challenge, this paper proposes a joint routing and resource allocation framework that simultaneously optimizes relay node selection and transmit power allocation under decentralized manner. The proposed approach leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to enable hop\u2010by\u2010hop decision\u2010making with only local observations. To mitigate the partial observability stemmed from limited perception range of node, a transformer\u2010based architecture is integrated into the DRL agent to enable the fusion of observations and actions collected along the established path. Specifically, the encoder module aggregates historical and frontier observations along the forwarding path, while the decoder module models temporal dependencies among historical actions. The fused representation is utilized to generate optimal decisions for next\u2010hop node selection and power allocation. After each action execution, a one\u2010hot encoded placeholder of the chosen action is fed back into the decoder module for subsequent decisions. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed transformer\u2010enhanced DRL framework significantly outperforms state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art baselines in terms of end\u2010to\u2010end path quality, and robustness under decentralized IoT network\u00a0configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:35:57Z","timestamp":1774362957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transformer\u2010Based Fusion for Joint Routing and Resource Allocation in the Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0146-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zibo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"},{"name":"Air Force Early Warning Academy Wuhan China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6524-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baoquan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Systems Engineering Institute, AMS PLA Beijing China"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3103320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3170449"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"A Review on IoT: Layered Architecture, Security Issues and Protocols","volume":"23","author":"Rashid T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07649-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3195302"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Mahajan \u201cInternet of Environmental Things: A Human Centered Approach \u201dProceedings of the Workshop MobiSys(ACM September2018):11\u201312.","DOI":"10.1145\/3212711.3212716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2021.103951"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3228795"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-2955-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900516"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2024.3443759"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.5112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-021-3332-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3103188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3027476"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3031622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3168609"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 International Symposium on iNnovative Informatics of Biskra (ISNIB)","author":"Larouci N. 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