{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T01:07:00Z","timestamp":1779844020469,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":145,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Cyber-Phy Sys Theory &amp; Ap"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To address the detection issue of false data injection attacks (FDIAs) in networked microgrids (NMGs) with renewable energy integration and secondary frequency regulation, this paper proposes a novel detection scheme based on delay unknown input observers (DUIOs). Firstly, a comprehensive dynamic NMG model is developed under the cyber\u2010physical integration framework, incorporating renewable energy systems, hybrid energy storage systems and dynamic frequency control for multi\u2010microgrid interactions. This model establishes a foundation for analysing multi\u2010target FDIAs across different channels and control areas. Secondly, an innovative DUIO is designed that incorporates renewable energy uncertainties and load prediction errors into the observer design, achieving accurate system state estimation under unknown disturbances through the introduction of an observer delay parameter. Finally, a multi\u2010target detection framework based on residual analysis is proposed, enabling precise attack localisation across different channels and regions through multiple parallel observers and a moving accumulation residual evaluation mechanism. Simulations conducted on a three\u2010area NMG validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme under various attack scenarios, including single\u2010area multi\u2010target attacks, multi\u2010area multi\u2010target attacks and coordinated attacks, while maintaining robustness against renewable energy fluctuations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/cps2.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:55:26Z","timestamp":1779843326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Multi\u2010Target False Data Injection Attacks in Networked Microgrids Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainties"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7634-5206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaishun","family":"Xiahou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of 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