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This study addresses the challenges of processing large volumes of inconsistent handwriting data by introducing H2FCD, a novel classification model that fuses deep feature extraction techniques for offline handwriting analysis. The H2FCD model combines feature vectors derived from resized handwriting images and histogram\u2010based extractions using a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a ResNet\u201018 architecture and proposes a new composite of deep feature extractor layer structure. Dysgraphia severity levels were classified using three machine learning models, with the support vector machine (SVM) achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.26% in cross\u2010validation across\n                    <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010values of three, four and five folds. This research advances the field by employing multiclass classification for dysgraphia detection and severity assessment, offering a pathway to personalized interventions tailored to the needs of affected children.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:23:19Z","timestamp":1768987399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["H2FCD: Fusion of Offline Handwritten Image Features and Histogram Features for Multiclass Classification of Dysgraphia Severity"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1656-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Azura","family":"Ramlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus  Permatang Pauh Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iza Sazanita","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus  Permatang Pauh Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4586-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratheepan","family":"Yogarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing Engineering and Intelligent Systems Ulster University  Londonderry UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5479-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Khusairi","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus  Permatang Pauh Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Puad","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus  Permatang Pauh Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7976-078X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainal Hisham Che","family":"Soh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus  Permatang Pauh Penang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/TP.2019.11.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S120514"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968367"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757\u2010899X\/530\/1\/012058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742\u20106596\/1201\/1\/012050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V.Zvoncak J.Mekyska K.Safarova Z.Smekal andP.Brezany \u201cNew Approach of Dysgraphic Handwriting Analysis Based on the Tunable Q\u2010Factor Wavelet Transform \u201d inProceedings of the 2019 42nd International Convention on Information and Communication Technology Electronics and Microelectronics MIPRO 2019(IEEE 2019) 289\u2013294 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/MIPRO.2019.8756872.","DOI":"10.23919\/MIPRO.2019.8756872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. 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