{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T03:16:13Z","timestamp":1769656573282,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61703363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61703363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Image Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the rapid development of image editing technology, image manipulation localisation is facing increasingly severe challenges. Traditional methods cannot effectively capture tampering features at different scales and fail to fully utilise the tampering trace information at the boundary of the manipulated regions, resulting in limited localisation accuracy. To address these issues, we propose MEN\u2010IML, a multi\u2010scale edge\u2010aware network for image manipulation localisation. First, we design an efficient multi\u2010scale edge\u2010aware feature fusion module. This module enhances the expressive capability of edge details by assigning learnable weights to features at different scales and incorporating an edge feature awareness mechanism. Second, we adopt depthwise separable convolutional decoders instead of the traditional multi\u2010layer perceptron decoders, which not only focus on extracting spatial features of each channel, but also improve the model's ability to integrate cross\u2010channel information. Finally, we design a multi\u2010scale edge loss to supervise the boundaries of manipulated regions at multiple scales, effectively enhancing the sensitivity of the model to manipulated region boundaries. Cross\u2010dataset experimental results on multiple public datasets demonstrate that, compared to mainstream MVSS\u2010Net++ and the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art IML\u2010ViT, the proposed method improves average performance by 13.5% and 6.3%, effectively enhancing the localisation accuracy of image tampering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.70295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T14:43:43Z","timestamp":1769611423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MEN\u2010IML: A Multi\u2010Scale Edge\u2010Aware Network for Image Manipulation Localisation"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9554-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology Yuncheng University, Shanxi  Yuncheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology Yuncheng University, Shanxi  Yuncheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qinglong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology Yuncheng University, Shanxi  Yuncheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Information Technology Yuncheng University, Shanxi  Yuncheng China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3473933","article-title":"EAN: Edge\u2010Aware Network for Image Manipulation Localization","volume":"35","author":"Chen Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2024.111136","article-title":"PIM\u2010Net: Progressive Inconsistency Mining Network for Image Manipulation Localization","volume":"159","author":"Bai N.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/cje.2024.00.086","article-title":"EASA: Fine\u2010Tuning SAM With Edge Attention and Adapters for Image Manipulation Localization","volume":"34","author":"Zhang F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2024.104901","article-title":"MITD\u2010Net: Multi\u2010Scale Iterative Tamper Detection Network for Image Manipulation Localization","volume":"157","author":"Deng F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digital Signal Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128607","article-title":"Image Manipulation Localization via Dynamic Cross\u2010Modality Fusion and Progressive Integration","volume":"610","author":"Jin X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111914"},{"issue":"08","key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2024.19954","article-title":"Image Tampering Localization Based on Integrated Multiscale Attention","volume":"36","author":"Wei H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Computer\u2010Aided Design & Computer Graphics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-18458-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108350","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3438573","article-title":"Multimodal Imputation\u2010Based Multimodal Autoencoder Framework for AQI Classification and Prediction of Indian Cities","volume":"12","author":"Rao R. 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