{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:11:46Z","timestamp":1770883906205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Image Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Image steganography aims to conceal confidential information within digital images in an undetectable manner. However, many existing techniques face a trade\u2010off between embedding capacity, imperceptibility, and computational efficiency, especially transform\u2010domain approaches based on floating\u2010point operations. This paper proposes a novel image steganographic method based on an enhanced Pyramid Integer Wavelet Transform (PIWT) combined with a Modified Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (MOPAP). The PIWT enables integer\u2010to\u2010integer transformation, avoiding floating\u2010point computations and improving its suitability for efficient implementation. Secret data are embedded into transform coefficients using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) to introduce randomness in the embedding locations, while the proposed MOPAP is employed to reduce embedding distortion and enhance imperceptibility. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an average Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 50.1\u00a0dB at an embedding capacity of 1 bpp, outperforming conventional Least Significant Bit (LSB) and Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) steganographic methods in terms of imperceptibility and embedding capacity. In addition, statistical evaluation indicates improved resistance against classical steganalysis compared to baseline approaches. These results confirm that the proposed method provides an effective balance between embedding capacity, imperceptibility, and computational efficiency, making it a promising solution for secure image\u2010based data hiding applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/ipr2.70302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T07:36:14Z","timestamp":1770881774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Novel Image Steganographic Method Based on Enhanced PIWT and Modified Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5891-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Yahya","family":"Al\u2010Ashwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering University of Science and Technology  Sana'a Yemen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waled Hussein","family":"Al\u2010Arashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering University of Science and Technology  Sana'a Yemen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Mohsen","family":"Alkhawlani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Engineering University of Science and Technology  Sana'a Yemen"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2022.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2023.0140640"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Analysis of Various Data Security Techniques of Steganography: A Survey","volume":"30","author":"Dhawan S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045\u2010020\u201000701\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553\u2010021\u201000602\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.59222\/ustjet.2.1.3","article-title":"Comprehensive Survey of Image Steganography Systems Based on FPGA Implementation","volume":"2","author":"Al\u2010Ashwal A. 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