{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T15:31:31Z","timestamp":1779291091844,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":330,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007914","name":"Brunel University London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Wireless Sensor Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radio frequency fingerprinting identification (RFFI) leverages the unique features of communication transmitter signals to classify Internet of Things (IoT) devices, enabling individual recognition through waveform analysis. Traditional RFFI methods face challenges in extracting nonlinear features, which machine learning (ML) techniques help overcome by providing advanced wave characteristic analysis. This study introduces RFFI\u2010SCNN, a hybrid model integrating RFFI with a spiking conventional neural network (SCNN) to enhance IoT device authentication within networks. The model operates in two phases: signal processing, where wave data are collected and preprocessed, and SCNN\u2010based classification, where features are extracted and devices are authenticated. The proposed model's performance is evaluated against three ML\u2010based models\u20141SNN, 1CNN and DCNN\u2014based on accuracy, execution time and memory usage. Experimental results, conducted using a publicly available dataset from the Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things at Northeastern University, indicate that RFFI\u2010SCNN achieves superior accuracy in classifying communication devices compared to 1CNN and 1SNN while also requiring less memory and shorter execution time than DCNN and 1CNN. These findings highlight the effectiveness of RFFI\u2010SCNN in secure and efficient IoT device identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/wss2.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T05:59:51Z","timestamp":1764309591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hybrid Model\u2010Based RF Fingerprinting and Spiking Neural Networks for IoT Device Classification"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nadia Adnan","family":"Shiltagh Al\u2010Jamali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Baghdad  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"Zarzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed S.","family":"Al\u2010Raweshidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunel University of London  Uxbridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talib Mohammed","family":"Jawad Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ashur University  Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC54236.2022.00245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12081901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2022.3193189"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6303210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT51360.2021.9595025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEECONF53345.2021.9723287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3596247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2023.3248685"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2024.3351222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tifs.2021.3088008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.109455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jrfid.2020.2968369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"IEEE Communications Magazine","author":"Shen G.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","volume-title":"Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tnse.2019.2957323"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.30\u201011\u20102021.172305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432\u2010021\u20103284\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041213"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3037206"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2640233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v13i2.pp2278\u20102288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP43922.2022.9747168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18280\/mmep.100234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.853010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11132097"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.865897"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Plastics","author":"Young G. 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