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Open tibial fractures pose significant clinical challenges due to their high risk of infection and non\u2010union, requiring effective stabilisation. External fixators are widely used for this purpose, but their biomechanical performance must be evaluated under both standardised and patient\u2010specific conditions. This study presents a finite element analysis of an external fixator tailored to Indonesian patients, using two frameworks: the ASTM F1541\u201002 standard protocol and a tibia\u2010based model derived from patient geometry. Von Mises stress distributions were assessed under axial compression, torsional loading, and four\u2010point bending. Results showed that stresses predicted by ASTM F1541\u201002 were consistently higher than those from the tibia\u2010based model, particularly under torsion and bending, though all values remained below material yield strength. These findings indicate that the fixator design is safe, while emphasising that tibia\u2010based modelling provides more physiologically realistic predictions. The study shows the importance of patient\u2010specific anatomy in computational biomechanics and points to future directions in design optimisation and localized manufacturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/htl2.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T09:10:21Z","timestamp":1770801021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Finite Element Analysis of Von Mises Stress in External Fixators for Open Tibial Fractures: A Comparative Study of ASTM F1541\u201002 and Tibia\u2010Based Models in Indonesian Patients"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5568-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Kozin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)  South Tangerang Banten Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Imam","family":"Ammarullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Environmental Sustainability Research Centre University of Liberia  Monrovia Montserrado Liberia"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia  Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro  Semarang Central Java Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8054-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulfatah Abdu","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering and Environmental Sustainability Research Centre University of Liberia  Monrovia Montserrado Liberia"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Liberia  Monrovia Montserrado Liberia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8073-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aghni Ulma","family":"Saudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)  South Tangerang Banten Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1240-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siti Amalina","family":"Azahra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Materials Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)  South Tangerang Banten Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6590-8798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. 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