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Because of QDs are important in biomedical and biological applications, identify a variety of synthesis methods to produce QDs with different characteristics also is particularly important. Hence, in this review the authors discussed three methods for synthesis of heavy metal chalcogenide\u2010based QDs for use in biomedical field: (i) Organometallic method for synthesis of QDs consists of three components: precursors, organic surfactants and solvents. The authors also discussed water\u2010solubilisation strategies of synthesised QDs including encapsulation and ligand exchange. (ii) Aqueous synthesis technique using short\u2010chain thiols as stabilising agents is a useful alternative to organometallic synthesis of CdSe, CdS and CdTe QDs. (iii) The third method discussed in this article for QDs synthesis involves the utilise of microorganisms to prepare QDs with controlled size, shape, chemical composition and functionality. The authors also discussed recently new methods for the synthesis of the appropriate QDs for use in biology. 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