{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1791318784185,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IET Nanobiotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Clindamycin hydrochloride (CLH) is a clinically important oral antibiotic with wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity that includes gram\u2010positive aerobes (staphylococci, streptococci etc.), most anaerobic bacteria,\n                    <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and certain protozoa. The current study was focused to develop a stabilised clindamycin encapsulated poly lactic acid (PLA)\/poly (D,L\u2010lactide\u2010co\u2010glycolide) (PLGA) nano\u2010formulation with better drug bioavailability at molecular level. Various nanoparticle (NPs) formulations of PLA and PLGA loaded with CLH were prepared by solvent evaporation method varying drug: polymer concentration (1:20, 1:10 and 1:5) and characterised (size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry [DSC] and Fourier transform infrared [FTIR] studies). The ratio 1:10 was found to be optimal for a monodispersed and stable nano formulation for both the polymers. NP formulations demonstrated a significant controlled release profile extended up to 144 h (both CLH\u2010PLA and CLH\u2010PLGA). The thermal behaviour (DSC) studies confirmed the molecular dispersion of the drug within the system. The FTIR studies revealed the intactness as well as unaltered structure of drug. The CLH\u2010PLA NPs showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against two pathogenic bacteria\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The results notably suggest that encapsulation of CLH into PLA\/PLGA significantly increases the bioavailability of the drug and due to this enhanced drug activity; it can be widely applied for number of therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2015.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1458562516000},"page":"254-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Enhanced efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride encapsulated in PLA\/PLGA based nanoparticle system for oral delivery"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Pradipta Ranjan","family":"Rauta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Medicine Lab Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niladri Mohan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Medicine Lab Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debasis","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Medicine Lab Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarbani","family":"Ashe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Medicine Lab Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bismita","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Medicine Lab Department of Life Science National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha 769008 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh191"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp070747"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.02.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.8.2315-2320.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.5.8.1701"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"638","article-title":"Targeting bacterial virulence: the role of protein synthesis inhibitors in severe infections","volume":"23","author":"Coyle E.A.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. 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