{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:49:05Z","timestamp":1792727345189,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]],"date-time":"2017-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011665","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IET Nanobiotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this study, the determination of noxious heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), bismuth (Bi), mercury (Hg), titanium (Ti), lead (Pb) and metalloid arsenic (As) in skin\u2010whitening cosmetics were examined using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry method. A complete digestion of cosmetics samples was achieved using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid\/hydrogen peroxide\/nitric acid. The quantification of the target compounds was done by standard addition method. The excellent quality parameters for instance, detection limits, As (4.6 ppb), Bi (7.9 ppb), Cd (0.45 ppb), Hg (3.3 ppb), Pb (3.8 ppb), Ti (4.3 ppb), linearity (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.999) and run\u2010to\u2010run and day\u2010to\u2010day precisions with relative standard deviations &lt;3% were obtained. The recovery rates for standard reference materials were found between 90 and 105%. The average concentration of heavy metals in cosmetics samples were in the range of 1.0\u201312.3 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , As), 33\u20137097 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Bi), 0.20\u20130.6 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Cd), 0.70\u20132700 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Hg), 1.20\u2013143 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Pb) and 2.0\u20131650 (\u03bcg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Ti).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2016.0212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T21:42:57Z","timestamp":1484862177000},"page":"597-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Determination of heavy metals in skin\u2010whitening cosmetics using microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ayoub Abdullah","family":"Alqadami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Naushad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abulhassan Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rizwan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeid Abdullah","family":"Alothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saikh Mohammad","family":"Wabaidur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman Abdel","family":"Ghfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry College of Science, Bld#5 King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA27525C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042001005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(01)00204-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1242","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity study of cosmetics colorants","volume":"25","author":"Tomankova K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"AdalA.TarabarA.: \u2018Heavy metal toxicity\u2019.2013. 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