{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:44:14Z","timestamp":1779180254604,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Nanobiotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study describes ZnO NPs biosynthesis using leaf extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Verbena officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Verbena tenuisecta<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The extracts serve as natural reducing, capping and stabilization facilitators. Plant extracts phytochemical analysis, revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>V. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed higher total phenolic and flavonoid content (22.12 and 6.38\u00a0mg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW) as compared to\n                    <jats:italic>V. tennuisecta<\/jats:italic>\n                    (12.18 and 2.7\u00a0mg g\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    DW). ZnO NPs were characterised by ultraviolet\u2013visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X\u2010ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X\u2010ray. TEM analysis of ZnO NPs reveals rod and flower shapes and were in the range of 65\u201375 and 14\u201331\u00a0nm, for\n                    <jats:italic>V. tenuisecta<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>V. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , respectively. Bio\u2010potential of ZnO NPs was examined through their leishmanicidal potential against\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania tropica<\/jats:italic>\n                    . ZnO NPs showed potent leishmanicidal activity with 250 \u00b5g ml\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    being the most potent concentration.\n                    <jats:italic>V. officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated ZnO NPs showed more potent leishmanicidal activity compared to\n                    <jats:italic>V. tenuisecta<\/jats:italic>\n                    mediated ZnO NPs due to their smaller size and increased phenolics doped onto its surface. These results can be a step forward towards the development of novel compounds that can efficiently replace the current medication schemes for leishmaniasis treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2018.5076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]],"date-time":"2018-09-04T22:29:14Z","timestamp":1536100154000},"page":"1067-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Comparative antileishmanial efficacy of the biosynthesised ZnO NPs from genus\n                    <i>Verbena<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"12","author":[{"family":"Sumaira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5505-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Siddique Afridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Salman Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gul Shad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid\u2010Florida Research and Education Center and Department of Plant Pathology University of Florida\/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences 2725 Binion Road Apopka FL 32703 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Zia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal","family":"Haider Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2013.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-993101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S23883"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2015.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000131078"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440601177780"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2011.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9052703"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CP01515K"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.04.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2015.08.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"1399","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of a narrow size distribution of zinc oxide nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Zak A.K.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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