{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T04:08:28Z","timestamp":1761710908407,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Nanobiotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Gadolinium as a contrast agent in MRI technique combined with DTPA causes contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) which can reduce by usage of antioxidants such as N\u2010acetyl cysteine by increasing the membrane's permeability leads to lower cytotoxicity. In this study,\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetyl cysteine\u2010PLGA Nano\u2010conjugate was synthesized according to stoichiometric rules of molar ratios andafter assessment by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging was combined with Magnevist\u00ae (gadopentetate dimeglumine) and its effects on the renal cells were evaluated. MTT [3\u2010(4,5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] and cellular uptake assays have indicated relatively significant toxicity of magnevist (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) on three cell lines including HEK293, MCF7 and L929 compared to other synthesized ligands that shown no toxicity. Moreover, systemic evaluation has shown no notable changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in kidney of mice. In consequence, antioxidant effect was increased as well as the renal toxicity of the contrast agent reduced at the cell level. As a result, PLGA\u2010NAC nano\u2010conjugate can be a promising choice for decreasing the magnevist toxicity for treatment and prevention of CIN and will be able to open a new horizon to research on reduction of toxicity of contrast agents by using nanoparticles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,8]],"date-time":"2020-04-08T22:17:53Z","timestamp":1586384273000},"page":"470-478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010acetylcysteine\u2013PLGA nano\u2010conjugate: effects on cellular toxicity and uptake of gadopentate dimeglumine"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elham","family":"Poonaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology I.A.U. 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