{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:03:19Z","timestamp":1787238199369,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Nanobiotechnology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the modern pace of the world, food safety is a major concern. In this work, a simple chemiresistive type gas sensor was fabricated to detect\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia Coli (E. coli)<\/jats:italic>\n                    bacteria. Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on the indium tin oxide substrate by an electrochemical deposition method. TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles were synthesised by facile hydrothermal method. PANI films were modified using hydrothermally prepared TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles by a spin coating method. X\u2010ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet\n                    <jats:italic>\u2013<\/jats:italic>\n                    visible spectrophotometer techniques were used to characterise the PANI\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanocomposites. The peaks obtained in the XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoparticles. FESEM analysis showed the nanofibrous structure of the nanocomposite. The FTIR characteristic peaks confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. The electrical resistance of the sensors was evaluated as a function of the bacterial concentration. The PT2 (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    coated 5 times on PANI) in comparison with PT1 (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    coated 3 times on PANI) exhibited good sensitivity to the gas molecules at room temperature. The p\u2010n junction at PANI\/TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    interface improved the physical adsorption of gas molecules. Since no specific antibodies or receptors are used, the sensor has the potential for adaptation to real\u2010life applications. Thus low cost, real\u2010time, portable, reusable and sensitive bacteria sensors were fabricated and tested.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2020.0046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T22:33:45Z","timestamp":1589495625000},"page":"761-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["PANI\/TiO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    nanocomposite\u2010based chemiresistive gas sensor for the detection of\n                    <i>E. Coli<\/i>\n                    bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Chaitra","family":"Venkatachalaiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanoscience and Technology Mount Carmel College Autonomous Bengaluru 560052 India"},{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uma","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics Mount Carmel College Bengaluru 560052 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja","family":"Sellappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR) Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632014 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