{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T18:54:47Z","timestamp":1792954487755,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IET Radar Sonar &amp; Navi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Integrity of positioning is one of the key aspects of satellite based augmentation systems. This paper presents a study carried out in north\u2010eastern Poland, a region which is considered as a border of the operation of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) system. Detailed analyses concerning operational parameters of EGNOS were done during the 12\u2010hour and 24\u2010hour measurement sessions conducted at a fixed point. The study was focused on the role of ionospheric delays in the integrity model according to the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics guidelines. In determination of the accuracy and integrity of positioning, two variants of calculations were adopted: one based on a standard interpolation algorithm determining ionospheric delay by the EGNOS system, and the other based on the Klobuchar model. The research found that the first method is characterised by only slightly better accuracy results, while significant differences were obtained by examining the integrity of positioning. For both variants of the calculation design, the values of protection levels determined for the fixed point are much higher than the positioning accuracy, which meets the integrity requirements of the navigation system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T16:12:48Z","timestamp":1439568768000},"page":"114-121","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Examination of GPS\/EGNOS integrity in north\u2010eastern Poland"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Grunwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn ul. Heweliusza 5 10\u2010724 Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieczys\u0142aw","family":"Baku\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn ul. Heweliusza 5 10\u2010724 Olsztyn Poland"},{"name":"Aeronautics Faculty Polish Air Force Academy in D\u0119blin ul. Dywizjonu 303 nr 35 08\u2010521 D\u0119blin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Cie\u0107ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn ul. Heweliusza 5 10\u2010724 Olsztyn Poland"},{"name":"Aeronautics Faculty Polish Air Force Academy in D\u0119blin ul. Dywizjonu 303 nr 35 08\u2010521 D\u0119blin Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn ul. Heweliusza 5 10\u2010724 Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"European Commission Directorate\u2010General for Enterprise and Industry: \u2018EGNOS open service definition document\u2019 2014 v 2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"User guide for EGNOS application development","author":"Allien A.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10018-012-0003-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","volume-title":"Definition of an SBAS ionospheric activity indicator and its assessment over Europe and Africa during the last solar cycle","author":"Sanz J.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"40","article-title":"GNSS and the ionosphere","volume":"22","author":"Jensen A.B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"GPS World"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10291-008-0107-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10018-012-0019-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/003962610X12572516251448"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","article-title":"Application of integrated GNSS\/hydroacoustic measurements and GIS geodatabase models for bottom analysis of Lake Hancza: the deepest inland reservoir in Poland","author":"Popielarczyk D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463305003218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"2366","volume-title":"MATLAB simulation toolset for SBAS availability analysis","author":"Jan S.\u2010S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Techniques for graceful reversion from dual to single frequency WAAS","author":"Jan S.\u2010S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Improving availability of ionospheric corrections in the low magnetic latitude region","author":"Sakai T.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"368","volume-title":"Prototype of satellite\u2010based augmentation system and evaluation of the ionospheric correction algorithms","author":"Sakai T.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Autonomous and EGNOS positioning accuracy determination of cessna aircraft on the edge of EGNOS coverage","author":"Grzegorzewski M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"Department of Defense Department of Homeland Security and Department of Transportation: \u20182010 Federal Radionavigation Plan\u2019 2010 Springfield Virginia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Autonomous integrity","volume":"4","author":"Azaola\u2010Saenz M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inside GNSS"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463309005311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","unstructured":"Radio Technical Committee for Aeronautics: \u2018Minimum operational performance standards for airborne equipment using global positioning system\/wide area augmentation system\u2019 2006 DOC. DO\u2010229D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0373463306003754"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","volume-title":"Does the HPL bound the HPE?","author":"Tiberius C.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","volume-title":"L5 satellite based augmentation systems protection level equations","author":"Walter T.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10367-012-0022-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2008.4667725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.1987.310829"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","unstructured":"International Civil Aviation Organization: \u2018ICAO standards and recommended practices (SARPS) Annex10 volume I (Radio navigation aids)\u2019 2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","unstructured":"\u2018European satellite services provider EGNOS user support\u2019 http:\/\/egnos\u2010user\u2010support.essp\u2010sas.eu\/egnos_ops\/data_gaps?sid=26438 accessed February 2013"}],"container-title":["IET Radar, Sonar &amp; Navigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:12:03Z","timestamp":1761671523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-rsn.2015.0053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8784","1751-8792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-8784","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}}}