{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T07:49:44Z","timestamp":1792396184668,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Systems Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin is a complex biological tissue whose impedance varies with frequency. The properties and structure of skin changes with the location on the body, age, geographical location and other factors. Considering these factors, skin impedance analysis is a sophisticated data analysis. However, despite all these variations, various researchers have always worked to develop an equivalent electrical model of the skin. The two most important categories of electrical models are RC\u2010based model and CPE\u2010based model which focus on the physiological stratification and biological properties of skin, respectively. In this work, experimental skin impedance data is acquired from ten sites on the body to find the fitting model. It is observed that a hybrid of fractional\u2010order CPE\u2010based model and higher\u2010order RC layered\u2010based model can provide the best fitting electrical model of skin. A new model is developed with this hybrid orders. Genetic algorithm is used for the extraction of parameter components. Least error of fitting has been observed for the proposed model as compared with the other models. This model can be used in correlating many skin problems and in the development of diagnostic tools. It will offer an additional supportive tool in\u2010vitro to the medical specialist.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T22:29:25Z","timestamp":1600295365000},"page":"230-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Estimation of skin impedance models with experimental data and a proposed model for human skin impedance"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dhruba Jyoti","family":"Bora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering NIT Silchar Assam Silchar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajdeep","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering NIT Silchar Assam Silchar India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/15\/2A\/002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","volume-title":"Bioimpedance and bioelectricity basics","author":"Martinsen O.G.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5617\/jeb.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-4598(98)00082-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2013.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016060403438"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(87)90016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","unstructured":"SachanR.BajpaiM.: \u2018Transdermal drug delivery system: a review\u2019 2013 https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1012129801406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012129801406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","first-page":"8887","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance: a future health care technology","volume":"975","author":"Gupta A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.906516"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2020.112103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02442441"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02441608"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","first-page":"749","article-title":"Estimation of body composition by bioelectrical impedance in cancer patients","volume":"44","author":"Fredrix E.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","volume-title":"Electric circuits: introduction to analysis and design","author":"Dorf R.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","volume-title":"Biophysical properties of the skin","author":"Edelberg R.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ColeK.S.: \u2018Permeability and impermeability of cell membranes for ions\u2019.Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology New York USA 1940 vol. 8 pp.110\u2013122","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1940.008.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","volume-title":"Physical functions of skin","author":"Tregear R.T.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1970.tb02232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CostonA.F.LiJ.J.: \u2018Transdermal drug delivery: a comparative analysis of skin impedance models and parameters\u2019.Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 2003. Proc. of the 25th Annual Int. Conf. of the IEEE Cancun Mexico 2003 vol. 3 pp.2982\u20132985","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2003.1280545"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios8020031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059483"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/10.4599"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.1997.tb00194.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6090(03)00389-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018984121415"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016228730522"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3361-3_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","unstructured":"Ansede PenaA.: \u2018A feasibility study of the suitability of an AD5933\u2010based spectrometer for EBI applications\u2019. Master thesis School of Engineering University of Bor\u00e5s Sweden 2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","unstructured":"Macias MaciasR.: \u2018Towards wearable spectroscopy bioimpedance applications power management for a battery driven impedance meter\u2019. Master thesis School of Engineering University of Bor\u00e5s Sweden 2009 https:\/\/www.diva\u2010portal.org\/smash\/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1311362&dswid=4957"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FerreiraJ.SeoaneF.AnsedeA.et al.: \u2018AD5933\u2010based spectrometer for electrical bioimpedance applications\u2019.Journal of Physics: Conf. Series Florida USA 2010 vol. 224 p.012011","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/224\/1\/012011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74388-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.v24.i4-6.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/pac-2018-1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-409X(95)00081-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-syb.2019.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.12.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2009.10.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2010.16.3.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.836499"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2013.2265797"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122827","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122827","article-title":"A comprehensive review of swarm optimization algorithms","volume":"10","author":"Ab Wahab M.N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923166"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_2","unstructured":"De MyttenaereA.GoldenB.Le GrandB.et al.: \u2018Using the mean absolute percentage error for regression models\u2019.European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning. (ESANN 2015 proceedings) Bruges Belgium 2015 p.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19628"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.08.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/34\/6\/723"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1960.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0302-4598(96)05069-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1938.sp003645"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(78)85489-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_2","volume-title":"Cellular neurophysiology: a source book","author":"Cook I.","year":"1972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_2","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Histopathology of the skin","author":"Lever W.F.","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["IET Systems Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:53:06Z","timestamp":1761673986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-syb.2020.0049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8849","1751-8857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-8849","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}