{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T02:57:53Z","timestamp":1778295473052,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Systems Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alopecia Areata (AA) is characterised by an autoimmune response to hair follicles (HFs) and its exact pathobiology remains unclear. The current study aims to look into the molecular changes in the skin of AA patients as well as the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of AA in order to identify potential candidates for early detection and treatment of AA. We applied Weighted Gene Co\u2010expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules, hub genes, and mRNA\u2013miRNA regulatory networks associated with AA. Furthermore, Chi2 as a machine\u2010learning algorithm was used to compute the gene importance in AA. Finally, drug\u2010target construction revealed the potential of repositioning drugs for the treatment of AA. Our analysis using four AA data sets established a network strongly correlated to AA pathogenicity based on\n                    <jats:italic>GZMA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>OXCT2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>HOXC13<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>KRT40<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>COMP<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CHAC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>KRT83<\/jats:italic>\n                    hub genes. Interestingly, machine learning introduced these genes as important in AA pathogenicity. Besides that, using another ten data sets, we showed that\n                    <jats:italic>CHAC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    could clearly distinguish AA from similar clinical phenotypes, such as scarring alopecia due to psoriasis. Also, two FDA\u2010approved drug candidates and 30 experimentally validated miRNAs were identified that affected the co\u2010expression network. Using transcriptome analysis, suggested\n                    <jats:italic>CHAC1<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a potential diagnostic predictor to diagnose AA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/syb2.12048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T02:10:26Z","timestamp":1660875026000},"page":"173-185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["CHAC1 as a novel biomarker for distinguishing alopecia from other dermatological diseases and determining its severity"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Karami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Faculty of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Nomiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ghasemigol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering University of Birjand  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niloufar","family":"Mehrvarzian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Derakhshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McCaig Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases University of Calgary  Calgary, Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Calgary Calgary  Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Fereidouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mirimoghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry University of Alberta  Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9883-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Safarpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1103442"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","article-title":"Risk of sun\u2010induced skin cancers in patients with alopecia areata, alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis","author":"Conic R.R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974\u20107753.136746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1995.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257\u2010016\u20100173\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Achtman J.C. Vpjar W.Therapy:Pathophysiology of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.17(1) 182(2015).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075\u2010015\u20100706\u20102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0706-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratt C.H. et\u00a0al.:Alopecia areata.3(1) 17011(2017).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102164\u20109\u2010s1\u2010s13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/bbij.2016.04.00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 7th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence","author":"Liu H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478\u2010015\u20100203\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/ijaai.v19i5.4467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41065\u2010019\u20100083\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u20109\u2010559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102105\u20109\u2010559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1544\u20106115.1128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873\u20103468.13583"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/mop.0000000000000375"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.1972.tb05103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.05.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1541\u20107786.mcr\u201018\u20100055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2012.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529\u20108019.2011.01411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2019.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2019.8013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010015\u20102312\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","article-title":"Specific ectodermal enhancers control the expression of HOXC genes in developing mammalian integuments","author":"Fernandez\u2010Guerrero M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.9.1547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114\u2010003\u20100417\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.m101616200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.123.2.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630701846095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190\u20109622(98)70009\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000468991"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of topical atorvastatin solution for the treatment of papulopustular acne","volume":"5","author":"Mikhael E.M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Pharmaceut. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2014.46.2.103"}],"container-title":["IET Systems Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/syb2.12048","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1049\/syb2.12048","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1049\/syb2.12048","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T17:50:18Z","timestamp":1761673818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1049\/syb2.12048"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1049\/syb2.12048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/syb2.12048","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-8849","1751-8857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-8849","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-8857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}