{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:11:30Z","timestamp":1792699890023,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":73,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IET Systems Biology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Parkinson's disease (PD), a degenerative disorder affecting the nervous system, manifests as unbalanced movements, stiffness, tremors, and coordination difficulties. Its cause, believed to involve genetic and environmental factors, underscores the critical need for prompt diagnosis and intervention to enhance treatment effectiveness. Despite the array of available diagnostics, their reliability remains a challenge. In this study, an innovative predictor PADG\u2010Pred is proposed for the identification of Parkinson's associated biomarkers, utilising a genomic profile. In this study, a novel predictor, PADG\u2010Pred, which not only identifies Parkinson's associated biomarkers through genomic profiling but also uniquely integrates multiple statistical feature extraction techniques with ensemble\u2010based classification frameworks, thereby providing a more robust and interpretable decision\u2010making process than existing tools. The processed dataset was utilised for feature extraction through multiple statistical moments and it is further involved in extensive training of the model using diverse classification techniques, encompassing Ensemble methods; XGBoost, Random Forest, Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Bagging, ExtraTrees, and Stacking. State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art validation procedures are applied, assessing key metrics such as specificity, accuracy, sensitivity\/recall, and Mathew's correlation coefficient. The outcomes demonstrate the outstanding performance of PADG\u2010RF, showcasing accuracy metrics consistently achieving \u223c91% for the independent set, \u223c94% for 5\u2010fold, and \u223c96% for 10\u2010fold in cross\u2010validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1049\/syb2.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T13:53:36Z","timestamp":1742046816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PADG\u2010Pred: Exploring Ensemble Approaches for Identifying Parkinson's Disease Associated Biomarkers Using Genomic Sequences Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1049","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Karim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science School of Systems and Technology University of Management and Technology  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8407-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamim","family":"Alkhalifah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Qassim University  Buraydah Saudi\u00a0Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Alturise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cybersecurity College of Computer Qassim University  Buraydah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaser Daanial","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science School of Systems and Technology University of Management and Technology  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"265","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010022\u201001069\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"Biochemical Perspective on Parkinson\u2019s Disease","author":"Haniko\u011flu A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multidisciplinary Approach in Medical Science III"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s44147\u2010023\u201000236\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010022\u201002899\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/wco.0000000000001167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2023.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910\u2010022\u201001207\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065792"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/apd.2023.122002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01771-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.06.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010022\u201002851\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11050851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1873\u20103468.14479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2022.103751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035\u2010022\u201000281\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010pathmechdis\u2010031521\u2010034145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease","author":"Wise A. 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