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The vaccination and time delay provide the information about immune protection and actual existence of the infection among the individuals, respectively. The model is analysed numerically and numerical simulation are executed for three different initial histories and constant time delays which affirm the biological relevance of the system. The analysis includes disease-free equilibrium (DFE), endemic equilibrium, and the basic reproduction number. The stability analysis is performed which reveal the asymptotic stability of the DFE when the basic reproduction number <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> &lt; 1. The study addresses the boundedness and positivity of the solution as the time delay approaches zero. In addition, sensitivity analysis and contour plots for <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> with different parameters offer deeper insights into the model. The impact of vaccination and vaccine inefficacy on the model dynamics is explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2024147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T10:01:04Z","timestamp":1721469664000},"page":"4093-4117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A delay differential equation model on covid-19 with vaccination strategy"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8729-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurang","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0489-8364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nishant","family":"Parmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.3390\/sym15020286","volume":"15","author":"Abuasbeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.3390\/math10091583","volume":"10","author":"Ai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-23822-5","volume":"12","author":"Al-Tuwairqi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. 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