{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:17:21Z","timestamp":1761693441118,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":53,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72171019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72171019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["RAIRO-Oper. Res."],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies on the Petrol Station Replenishment Problem (PSRP) have many challenges because of the limitations in real-world PSRP, including diverse oil products, various vehicle models, multiple compartments in each vehicle, a finite set of vehicles, restricted tank capacities of petrol stations, and the preparation time and cost for discharge. To address those problems, this paper proposes a novel PSRP model considering the following realistic scenarios: each vehicle has multiple compartments and is allowed for multiple trips; vehicles are heterogeneous; petrol stations have hard time windows; external vehicles can be rented when internal vehicles are not enough; after arrival, each vehicle must prepare for a certain time before discharge. The objective is to minimize the overall costs including vehicles\u2019 fixed costs, traveling costs, and preparation costs. A Hybrid Variable Neighborhood Search algorithm (HVNS) combined with a Simulated Annealing-based acceptance criterion is developed to solve the problem. Various experiments are conducted on different scale instances and a practical application of PetroChina. Experimental results show that compared with CPLEX and other heuristics, HVNS can effectively solve the problem in terms of solution quality and computing time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2025004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,14]],"date-time":"2025-01-14T03:51:51Z","timestamp":1736826711000},"page":"3131-3152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A hybrid variable neighborhood search for a real-world Petrol Station Replenishment Problem with multi-compartment vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Zhishuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University","place":["P.R. 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