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We assume that in addition to stage-specific inputs, we have shared inputs between the two parallel stages. In this sense, a linear programming-based model is proposed to calculate the technical efficiency of the whole process along with an optimal split of shared resources. To demonstrate the real-world applicability of the proposed approach, a case study on 22 Indian insurance companies is conducted. The analysis reveals that only three companies are efficient across all scenarios. Furthermore, narrow bounds on shared resources and intermediate products lead to more accurate and reliable results compared to medium and wide bounds, highlighting the importance of precise resource allocation constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/ro\/2025123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T19:47:07Z","timestamp":1761680827000},"page":"3207-3225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Resource allocation in parallel-series production systems with shared inputs and outputs: a data envelopment analysis approach"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Amirteimoori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Performance & Productivity Analysis, Istinye University","place":["Turkey"]}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Kazemi Matin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University","place":["Oman"]}]},{"given":"Amir Hossein","family":"Yadollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University","place":["Iran"]}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-478X.2016.00031.8","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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