{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T15:52:18Z","timestamp":1726501938739},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":205,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biologie Aujourd\u2019hui"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>L\u2019\u00e9volution \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle ou micro\u00e9volution concerne l\u2019\u00e9volution au niveau intra-sp\u00e9cifique ou entre esp\u00e8ces proches. Au niveau intra-sp\u00e9cifique, elle permet d\u2019analyser les forces \u00e9volutives en action : mutation, d\u00e9rive g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, migration et s\u00e9lection. De plus, en raison de ce temps \u00e9volutif court, il est plus facile d\u2019identifier les bases g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques des diff\u00e9rences ph\u00e9notypiques observ\u00e9es. La plupart des \u00e9tudes porte sur des populations actuelles mais de plus en plus de travaux analysent l\u2019ADN ancien. Ces derniers apportent non seulement des informations importantes pour retracer l\u2019histoire des populations mais permettent \u00e9galement de reconstituer les ph\u00e9notypes d\u2019individus disparus depuis plusieurs milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es. Dans cette courte revue, je pr\u00e9sente des travaux montrant comment se mettent en place des barri\u00e8res pr\u00e9-zygotiques ou post-zygotiques impliqu\u00e9es dans la formation d\u2019esp\u00e8ces, avec l\u2019exemple de la barri\u00e8re g\u00e9ographique due \u00e0 la formation de l\u2019isthme de Panama et celui de la divergence de l\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rochromatine chez les drosophilid\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, \u00e0 propos de cas bien \u00e9tablis, je d\u00e9cris les diff\u00e9rentes approches qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es pour identifier les bases g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de variations ph\u00e9notypiques : approche g\u00e8ne-candidat pour ce qui concerne le m\u00e9lanisme chez les f\u00e9lins, cartographie QTL (<jats:italic>Quantitative trait loci<\/jats:italic>) pour la variation du nombre de plaques osseuses lat\u00e9rales chez les \u00e9pinoches, \u00e9tude d\u2019association pour la pigmentation chez la coccinelle asiatique. Enfin, j\u2019illustre le r\u00f4le de la s\u00e9lection naturelle avec l\u2019exemple iconique de l\u2019\u00e9volution du bec des pinsons des Galapagos et l\u2019implication de certains g\u00e8nes du d\u00e9veloppement dans sa diversification morphologique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2022008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T07:51:53Z","timestamp":1658735513000},"page":"41-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["L\u2019\u00e9volution \u00e0 petite \u00e9chelle"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"216","author":[{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Gibert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098095","volume":"305","author":"Abzhanov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2105957118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2105957118","volume":"118","author":"Al-Mosleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06116-1","volume":"9","author":"Ando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2021.05.037","volume":"31","author":"Baleka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0020109","volume":"2","author":"Colosimo","year":"2004","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1107239","volume":"307","author":"Colosimo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D696","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz796","volume":"48","author":"Courtier-Orgogozo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00128-3","volume":"13","author":"Eizirik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000234","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000234","volume":"7","author":"Ferree","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drosophila. 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