{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:03:04Z","timestamp":1791846184148,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":401,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biologie Aujourd\u2019hui"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>La prolactine (PRL), hormone de la lactation par excellence, est majoritairement synth\u00e9tis\u00e9e et s\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9e par les cellules lactotropes de l\u2019ant\u00e9hypophyse. Ses actions sont m\u00e9di\u00e9es par le r\u00e9cepteur transmembranaire de la prolactine (PRLR). Alors que plus de 300 fonctions diff\u00e9rentes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 cette hormone selon les esp\u00e8ces, son r\u00f4le chez l\u2019Homme reste limit\u00e9 au d\u00e9veloppement de la glande mammaire et \u00e0 l\u2019allaitement. Les pathologies en lien avec la PRL sont essentiellement celles rencontr\u00e9es en cas d\u2019hypers\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de cette hormone. En effet, l\u2019hyperprolactin\u00e9mie entra\u00eene l\u2019alt\u00e9ration du fonctionnement de l\u2019axe gonadotrope chez l\u2019homme comme chez la femme. Ainsi, l\u2019hyperprolactin\u00e9mie est une \u00e9tiologie fr\u00e9quente d\u2019hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope acquis et l\u2019une des principales causes d\u2019anovulation et d\u2019infertilit\u00e9 chez la femme. Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les \u00e9tudes de mod\u00e8les murins invalid\u00e9s pour le PRLR, de mani\u00e8re globale ou conditionnelle dans l\u2019hypophyse, ont permis d\u2019apporter de nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments dans la compr\u00e9hension de la r\u00e9gulation des axes gonadotrope et lactotrope. Il est maintenant d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que la prolactine exerce des actions autocrines ou paracrines sur les cellules lactotropes <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Une des avanc\u00e9es majeures a \u00e9t\u00e9 de mieux comprendre, \u00e0 l\u2019aide des mod\u00e8les murins, l\u2019impact de l\u2019hyperprolactin\u00e9mie sur l\u2019axe gonadotrope. C\u2019est ainsi qu\u2019il a pu \u00eatre \u00e9tabli que, comme chez les rongeurs, l\u2019hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope chez les patientes atteintes d\u2019hyperprolactin\u00e9mie est m\u00e9di\u00e9 par un d\u00e9ficit de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de kisspeptine hypothalamique, et que l\u2019axe gonadotrope peut \u00eatre restaur\u00e9 par l\u2019administration intraveineuse de kisspeptine. Les m\u00e9canismes de tumorigen\u00e8se lactotrope des animaux <jats:italic>Prlr\u2009<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> restent cependant incompl\u00e8tement compris et transposables dans l\u2019esp\u00e8ce humaine, puisque, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, l\u2019unique patiente porteuse d\u2019une mutation bi-all\u00e9lique perte de fonction du <jats:italic>PRLR<\/jats:italic> ayant fait l\u2019objet d\u2019une publication pr\u00e9sentait une imagerie hypophysaire sans anomalie.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2022019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1675673808000},"page":"105-110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["La prolactine et son r\u00e9cepteur\u00a0: Des mod\u00e8les animaux \u00e0 la physiopathologie 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