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Cependant de nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 qu\u2019il pouvait \u00eatre observ\u00e9 chez des animaux en milieu sauvage et pouvait \u00eatre induit en laboratoire chez des rongeurs. Cet article vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9senter et discuter l\u2019\u00e9volution et la pertinence des mod\u00e8les animaux dans l\u2019\u00e9tude du TSPT. Les \u00e9tudes de LeDoux, Davis et McGaugh sur la peur et le conditionnement aversif pavlovien chez le rongeur ont apport\u00e9 une immense contribution \u00e0 la compr\u00e9hension du TSPT. Initialement, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 propos\u00e9 que le TSPT r\u00e9sulterait d\u2019un apprentissage aversif trop efficace, impliquant en particulier l\u2019amygdale. N\u00e9anmoins, de nombreuses \u00e9tudes ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que cette hypoth\u00e8se n\u2019\u00e9tait pas suffisante pour expliquer la complexit\u00e9 des processus mis en jeu dans le TSPT. Les th\u00e9ories actuelles sugg\u00e8rent plut\u00f4t des d\u00e9ficits dans la capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 maintenir l\u2019extinction, la perception des signaux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ou la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle. Nous examinerons plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les mod\u00e8les animaux qui se rapprochent le plus du TSPT humain et nous discuterons des raisons pour lesquelles leur utilisation reste limit\u00e9e. En effet, la plupart des \u00e9tudes chez l\u2019animal continuent de s\u2019appuyer majoritairement sur des protocoles classiques de conditionnement pavlovien. Enfin, cette revue mettra en lumi\u00e8re de nouvelles \u00e9tudes exp\u00e9rimentales permettant d\u2019aborder des questions auparavant difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9tudier chez l\u2019animal. Nous examinerons notamment les liens entre respiration et maintien des \u00e9tats de peur, offrant une explication potentielle \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 des techniques de m\u00e9ditation et de contr\u00f4le de la respiration dans la r\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions. De plus, nous pr\u00e9senterons des r\u00e9sultats r\u00e9cents sur le d\u00e9codage de l\u2019activit\u00e9 neuronale li\u00e9e aux repr\u00e9sentations internes chez l\u2019animal, offrant ainsi la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tudier les ruminations, sympt\u00f4mes caract\u00e9ristiques du TSPT qui \u00e9taient auparavant inaccessibles \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rimentation animale.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2023022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]],"date-time":"2023-07-06T08:08:59Z","timestamp":1688630939000},"page":"89-101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Les mod\u00e8les animaux du traumatisme et du trouble de stress post-traumatique"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"217","author":[{"given":"Karim","family":"Benchenane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90002-5","volume":"45","author":"Abenhaim","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48285.x","volume":"821","author":"Armony","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"R3","unstructured":"Bagur S. 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