{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T05:23:18Z","timestamp":1738041798077,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":392,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biologie Aujourd\u2019hui"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Le succ\u00e8s \u00e9volutif des angiospermes, qui composent la tr\u00e8s grande majorit\u00e9 de la flore terrestre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle plan\u00e9taire, d\u00e9pend tr\u00e8s largement de leurs interactions avec les pollinisateurs puisque pr\u00e8s de 90\u2009% des plantes \u00e0 fleur sont pollinis\u00e9es par des animaux. Ces interactions sont bas\u00e9es, d\u2019une part sur les ressources nutritives produites dans les fleurs sous forme de nectar et de pollen, apportant essentiellement sucres et prot\u00e9ines respectivement et, d\u2019autre part, sur les signaux \u00e9mis par les fleurs que les pollinisateurs apprennent \u00e0 associer \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de ressources. Les signaux visuels permettent aux animaux de localiser les fleurs \u00e0 relativement grande distance puis, une fois \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, d\u2019identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les fleurs contenant les ressources recherch\u00e9es et le lieu de leur stockage. Cette signalisation visuelle repose essentiellement sur les couleurs des p\u00e9tales dont les nuances, quasiment infinies, sont dues principalement \u00e0 la grande diversit\u00e9 des anthocyanes, pigments de nature flavono\u00efde, et aux carot\u00e9no\u00efdes. L\u2019apprentissage des pollinisateurs s\u2019appuie \u00e9galement sur des signaux olfactifs complexes form\u00e9s par l\u2019association de compos\u00e9s organiques volatils, souvent de nature terp\u00e9nique, lipidique et ph\u00e9nolique, produits au niveau de tissus sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en surface des organes floraux. Certaines esp\u00e8ces d\u2019angiospermes attirent les insectes pollinisateurs sans produire de nectar gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des signaux mimant ceux d\u2019esp\u00e8ces nectarif\u00e8res, les ph\u00e9romones sexuelles d\u2019insectes femelles ou les odeurs des sites de ponte de certains insectes. Elles s\u2019affranchissent, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces signaux trompeurs, de la d\u00e9pense \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique inh\u00e9rente \u00e0 la production de ressources florales. Les r\u00f4les des couleurs et des odeurs des fleurs sont d\u00e9crits et \u00e9tudi\u00e9s depuis plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, mais, plus r\u00e9cemment, ceux d\u2019autres signaux \u00e9mis par les fleurs dans les interactions entre les plantes et leurs pollinisateurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9galement mis en \u00e9vidence. Ainsi, l\u2019\u00e9cho produit par les organes floraux ou par des structures v\u00e9g\u00e9tales associ\u00e9es aux fleurs permet l\u2019\u00e9cholocalisation des ressources florales de certaines plantes par des chauves-souris nectarivores. Enfin, des interactions \u00e9lectriques entre les fleurs et les insectes pollinisateurs participent aussi de fa\u00e7on significative \u00e0 l\u2019apprentissage des insectes et \u00e0 l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de leur recherche de nourriture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2024013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T08:46:17Z","timestamp":1737967577000},"page":"129-140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["La signalisation multiforme des fleurs \u00e0 destination des 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