{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:57:40Z","timestamp":1779879460780,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biologie Aujourd\u2019hui"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Les troubles du neurod\u00e9veloppement (TND) regroupent un ensemble h\u00e9t\u00e9rog\u00e8ne de conditions caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par des alt\u00e9rations de processus neurod\u00e9veloppementaux et ayant pour cons\u00e9quence un impact sur le fonctionnement personnel, social et scolaire de l\u2019individu. Parmi les nombreuses comorbidit\u00e9s fr\u00e9quemment associ\u00e9es aux TND, les troubles du sommeil occupent une place majeure, touchant entre 30 et 80\u2009% des personnes concern\u00e9es. Cet article explore les diff\u00e9rents liens entre sommeil et TND \u00e0 travers une revue de la litt\u00e9rature scientifique, en mettant en avant les derni\u00e8res recherches dans ce domaine. Un int\u00e9r\u00eat particulier est port\u00e9 \u00e0 deux troubles du neurod\u00e9veloppement, \u00e0 savoir le trouble du spectre de l\u2019autisme (TSA) et le trouble d\u00e9ficit de l\u2019attention avec ou sans hyperactivit\u00e9 (TDAH). Le sommeil, processus physiologique essentiel r\u00e9gul\u00e9 par des m\u00e9canismes hom\u00e9ostatiques et circadiens, joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans la maturation c\u00e9r\u00e9brale. Chez les enfants avec TSA, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 montr\u00e9 qu\u2019une d\u00e9ficience de production et de s\u00e9cr\u00e9tion de m\u00e9latonine, due \u00e0 une diminution de l\u2019activit\u00e9 des deux enzymes-clefs de sa synth\u00e8se, \u00e9tait associ\u00e9e aux troubles des rythmes veille-sommeil souvent s\u00e9v\u00e8res dans cette population\u00a0: insomnie d\u2019endormissement, insomnie de maintien de sommeil avec notamment des r\u00e9veils particuli\u00e8rement longs, et diminution du temps total de sommeil. Quant aux troubles du sommeil habituellement observ\u00e9s chez les enfants avec TDAH, il s\u2019agit d\u2019un syndrome de retard de phase du sommeil et du syndrome des jambes sans repos, les deux \u00e9tant responsables d\u2019une insomnie de l\u2019endormissement. En raison de son r\u00f4le essentiel dans la consolidation mn\u00e9sique, la r\u00e9gulation des \u00e9motions et l\u2019attention, le sommeil influence directement le d\u00e9veloppement cognitif et comportemental de l\u2019individu. Ainsi, les troubles du sommeil chez l\u2019enfant avec TDAH exacerbent les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019inattention, d\u2019hyperactivit\u00e9 et d\u2019impulsivit\u00e9, tandis que chez l\u2019enfant avec TSA, ils majorent les troubles de la r\u00e9gulation \u00e9motionnelle et les troubles du comportement. L\u2019identification et la prise en charge des troubles du sommeil chez les patients atteints de TND sont essentielles pour am\u00e9liorer leur qualit\u00e9 de vie et r\u00e9duire la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de leur symptomatologie diurne. Les interventions th\u00e9rapeutiques, qu\u2019elles soient comportementales ou pharmacologiques, notamment avec l\u2019administration diff\u00e9rentielle de m\u00e9latonine \u00e0 lib\u00e9ration imm\u00e9diate <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> lib\u00e9ration prolong\u00e9e, ont montr\u00e9 une efficacit\u00e9 significative. Une approche int\u00e9gr\u00e9e et pluridisciplinaire permet d\u2019optimiser le suivi de ces patients et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leur adaptation sociale et cognitive. Une meilleure compr\u00e9hension des interactions entre troubles du sommeil et TND ouvre ainsi des perspectives d\u2019am\u00e9lioration significative des strat\u00e9gies de prise en charge des patients avec TND.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio\/2025006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T07:49:51Z","timestamp":1753170591000},"page":"15-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sommeil et neurod\u00e9veloppement\u00a0: un enjeu d\u2019actualit\u00e9"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Christophe","family":"Langelet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen M.","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","unstructured":"Acad\u00e9mie Am\u00e9ricaine de la M\u00e9decine du Sommeil. 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