{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:24:28Z","timestamp":1790789068176,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Sci (Paris)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Les virus sont des parasites qui infectent tous les organismes vivants, et les bact\u00e9ries n\u2019y font pas exception. Pour se d\u00e9fendre contre leurs virus (les bact\u00e9riophages ou phages), les bact\u00e9ries se sont dot\u00e9es d\u2019un \u00e9ventail de m\u00e9canismes \u00e9labor\u00e9s, dont la d\u00e9couverte et la compr\u00e9hension sont en pleine expansion. Dans les ann\u00e9es 2000, seuls quelques syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense \u00e9taient connus et deux semblaient pr\u00e9sents chez la plupart des bact\u00e9ries. En 2018, une nouvelle m\u00e9thode fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019analyse des g\u00e9nomes a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l\u2019existence potentielle de nombreux autres. Plus de 150 nouveaux syst\u00e8mes anti-phages ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts au cours des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. On estime maintenant qu\u2019il en existe probablement des milliers. Cette formidable diversit\u00e9, qui est \u00e0 mettre en parall\u00e8le avec la consid\u00e9rable diversit\u00e9 virale, s\u2019exprime tant en termes de combinaisons de syst\u00e8mes possibles dans les g\u00e9nomes bact\u00e9riens que de m\u00e9canismes mol\u00e9culaires. Une des observations les plus surprenantes qui \u00e9merge est la d\u00e9couverte de similarit\u00e9s entre certains syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense bact\u00e9riens et des m\u00e9canismes antiviraux eucaryotes. Contrairement au paradigme jusqu\u2019alors en place, des organismes aussi diff\u00e9rents que des champignons, des plantes, des bact\u00e9ries ou des \u00eatres humains partagent certaines strat\u00e9gies mol\u00e9culaires pour combattre des infections virales, sugg\u00e9rant qu\u2019une part sous-estim\u00e9e de l\u2019immunit\u00e9 antivirale eucaryote a directement \u00e9volu\u00e9 \u00e0 partir des syst\u00e8mes de d\u00e9fense bact\u00e9riens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2023163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T09:05:48Z","timestamp":1701248748000},"page":"862-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunit\u00e9 bact\u00e9rienne : \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019un nouveau 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