{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:40:05Z","timestamp":1780760405442,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Sci (Paris)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Et si poss\u00e9der deux chromosomes X conf\u00e9rait aux cellules femelles des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s exclusives et expliquait les diff\u00e9rences de susceptibilit\u00e9 des hommes et des femmes \u00e0 certaines maladies ? Pourtant, l\u2019un des chromosomes X est r\u00e9prim\u00e9 al\u00e9atoirement dans chaque cellule femelle d\u00e8s le stade embryonnaire, ce qui, th\u00e9oriquement, remet les sexes \u00e0 \u00e9galit\u00e9. Cette inactivation du chromosome X est un processus \u00e9pig\u00e9n\u00e9tique unique : elle agit \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u2019un chromosome entier et aboutit \u00e0 un mosa\u00efcisme d\u2019expression des g\u00e8nes du chromosome X au niveau de l\u2019organisme. Cependant certains g\u00e8nes \u00e9chappent au processus et cette inactivation semble \u00eatre plus labile dans certains types cellulaires. Quelles en sont les cons\u00e9quences physiologiques ? 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