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Afin de comprendre le r\u00f4le et l\u2019impact de l\u2019inflammation dans la s\u00e9cheresse oculaire et dans la cicatrisation de plaies corn\u00e9ennes, plusieurs \u00e9quipes de recherche ont employ\u00e9 des mod\u00e8les <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> mimant diff\u00e9rents aspects de ces maladies. Plusieurs mod\u00e8les ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s afin d\u2019\u00e9lucider les cascades de signalisation impliqu\u00e9es dans la pathogen\u00e8se de ces maladies. Ils offrent une flexibilit\u00e9 permettant d\u2019ajuster des param\u00e8tres environnementaux, facilitant ainsi la validation de th\u00e9rapies innovantes et l\u2019identification de nouvelles cibles pharmacologiques. Dans cet article de synth\u00e8se nous d\u00e9crivons majoritairement des mod\u00e8les <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> en deux dimensions, mimant la composition cellulaire et l\u2019\u00e9tat d\u2019inflammation observ\u00e9 dans ces maladies oculaires. 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