{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:57:04Z","timestamp":1764320224531,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"https:\/\/www.edpsciences.org\/en\/authors\/copyright-and-licensing"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Sci (Paris)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Les organo\u00efdes ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 comme des mod\u00e8les innovants tridimensionnels (3D)\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , capables de reproduire des caract\u00e9ristiques structurelles et fonctionnelles essentielles des organes humains. Ils constituent une alternative entre les cultures cellulaires en deux dimensions (2D) classiques et les mod\u00e8les animaux. D\u00e9riv\u00e9s de cellules souches, les organo\u00efdes poss\u00e8dent une capacit\u00e9 intrins\u00e8que d\u2019auto-organisation et de morphogen\u00e8se, r\u00e9capitulant les processus du d\u00e9veloppement embryonnaire. Trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont cruciaux pour leur g\u00e9n\u00e9ration : l\u2019origine des cellules souches, la matrice extracellulaire et l\u2019exposition contr\u00f4l\u00e9e \u00e0 des morphog\u00e8nes. Parmi les applications les plus prometteuses, les organo\u00efdes neuromusculaires (NMO pour\n                    <jats:italic>neuromuscular organoids<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) permettent la co-diff\u00e9renciation de motoneurones, de cellules musculaires squelettiques et de cellules de Schwann \u00e0 partir de prog\u00e9niteurs neuro-m\u00e9sodermiques. Des mod\u00e8les NMO 3D et des versions simplifi\u00e9es en 2D ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, compl\u00e9t\u00e9s par des approches de type \u00ab\u00a0assemblo\u00efdes\u00a0\u00bb ou des dispositifs microfluidiques, facilitant l\u2019\u00e9tude des interactions inter-cellulaires et les tests pharmacologiques. Produits \u00e0 partir de cellules iPS (\n                    <jats:italic>induced pluripotent stem<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) de patients, les NMO offrent une plateforme pertinente pour la mod\u00e9lisation des maladies, l\u2019\u00e9tude des ph\u00e9notypes fonctionnels et le criblage pharmacologique en m\u00e9decine personnalis\u00e9e. Malgr\u00e9 ces avanc\u00e9es, des limitations persistent, freinant l\u2019utilisation des organo\u00efdes en routine. La standardisation des protocoles et l\u2019automatisation des analyses permettront \u00e0 l\u2019avenir d\u2019exploiter pleinement le potentiel translationnel des organo\u00efdes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2025175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T08:52:58Z","timestamp":1764319978000},"page":"14-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"Hors s\u00e9rie n\u00b0 2","title":["Les organo\u00efdes humains et leurs promesses cliniques dans le domaine neuromusculaire"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Coudert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]},{"name":"Plateforme iPS-PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Risson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]},{"name":"Plateforme iPS-PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Schaeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CHU de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) groupement Est","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Jacquier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Physiopathologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique du Neurone et du Muscle, CNRS UMR5261, Inserm U1315, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]},{"name":"Plateforme iPS-PGNM, Institut NeuroMyoG\u00e8ne, Universit\u00e9 Lyon 1, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Lyon Est","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Biotechnologie Cellulaire, CHU de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL) groupement Est","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C151","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00120.2020","volume":"319","author":"Corr\u00f2","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology"},{"key":"R2","first-page":"264","volume":"12","author":"Gey","year":"1952","journal-title":"Cancer Research"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moscona A, Moscona H. 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