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Ils peuvent agir en inhibant la synth\u00e8se du peptidoglycane (\u03b1-lactamines, glycopeptides, fosfomycine), la synth\u00e8se prot\u00e9ique (aminosides, macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramines, cyclines, chloramph\u00e9nicol, acide fusidique, oxazolidinones), la synth\u00e8se des acides nucl\u00e9iques (quinolones et fluoroquinolones, rifamycines) ou certaines voies m\u00e9taboliques comme la biosynth\u00e8se de l\u2019acide folique (cotrimoxazole). Cependant, l\u2019usage massif et parfois inappropri\u00e9 des antibiotiques a favoris\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9mergence de r\u00e9sistances, r\u00e9duisant progressivement leur efficacit\u00e9 et n\u00e9cessitant le d\u00e9veloppement continu de nouvelles mol\u00e9cules antibact\u00e9riennes. Cette synth\u00e8se d\u00e9crit pour chaque classe d\u2019antibiotique leur origine, leur structure, leur m\u00e9canisme d\u2019action ainsi que les principales mol\u00e9cules utilis\u00e9es en clinique, et leur spectre d\u2019activit\u00e9.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/medsci\/2025193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T08:56:31Z","timestamp":1765529791000},"page":"888-899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["M\u00e9canismes d\u2019action des antibiotiques"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Valentine","family":"Berti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm UMR1137, IAME (Infection, antimicrobiens, mod\u00e9lisation, \u00e9volution)","place":["France"]},{"name":"Service de bact\u00e9riologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de 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