{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T08:19:08Z","timestamp":1684743548919},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":71,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Kudoa septempunctata<\/jats:italic> (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) is a parasite of the trunk muscle of cultured olive flounder (<jats:italic>Paralichthys olivaceus<\/jats:italic>). We investigated whether <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>septempunctata<\/jats:italic> genotype ST3\u2009spores induce cell damage and the secretion of inflammatory mediators in Caco-2\u2009cells, which exhibit characteristics similar to human intestinal epithelial cells. Purified <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>septempunctata<\/jats:italic> spores were heated at 95\u2009\u00b0C for 5\u2009min. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was measured to determine the efficacy of denaturation. Na\u00efve and heated spores, lipopolysaccharide (positive control) and vehicle (negative control) were added to Caco-2\u2009cells. Cells were subjected to the cytotoxic LDH assay and western blot analysis to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Supernatants were collected to measure nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>). Most spores were denaturated by heating, and the spore morphology was found to be wrinkled with shell valves and polar capsules. In addition, cytotoxicity and inflammatory mediators, such as NO, PGE<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, iNOS, and COX-2, remained unchanged in Caco-2\u2009cells following exposure to na\u00efve and heated spores compared with the positive controls. Collectively, the findings of this study imply that spores of <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>\u2009septempunctata<\/jats:italic> genotype ST3 do not cause inflammation in Caco-2\u2009cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T09:10:39Z","timestamp":1520932239000},"page":"12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the inflammatory response to <i>Kudoa septempunctata<\/i> genotype ST3 isolated from olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus<\/i>) in Caco-2 cells"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Meejung","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun 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