{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T04:28:34Z","timestamp":1792643314362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Echinococcosis, which causes a high disease burden and is of great public health significance, is caused by the larval stage of <jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> species. It has been suggested that tubulin is the target of benzimidazoles, the only drugs for the treatment of echinococcosis. This study evaluated the characteristics of tubulins from <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>. The full-length cDNAs of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> \u03b1- and \u03b2-tubulin isoforms were cloned by reverse transcription PCR from protoscolex RNA. Then, these two tubulin isoforms (\u03b1<jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub> and \u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) were recombinantly expressed as insoluble inclusion bodies in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Nickel affinity chromatography was used to purify and refold the contents of these inclusion bodies as active proteins. The polymerization of tubulins was monitored by UV spectrophotometry (A<jats:sub>350<\/jats:sub>) and confirmed by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic> 1356\u00a0bp \u03b1<jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>-tubulin and 1332\u00a0bp \u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-tubulin encode corresponding proteins of 451 and 443\u00a0amino acids. The average yields of \u03b1<jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>- and \u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-tubulin were 2.0\u20133.0\u00a0mg\/L and 3.5\u20135.0\u00a0mg\/L of culture, respectively. Moreover, recombinant \u03b1<jats:sub>9<\/jats:sub>- and \u03b2<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-tubulin were capable of polymerizing into microtubule-like structures under appropriate conditions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. These recombinant tubulins could be helpful for screening anti-<jats:italic>Echinococcus<\/jats:italic> compounds targeting the tubulins of <jats:italic>E. granulosus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2018063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T09:45:42Z","timestamp":1544003142000},"page":"62","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Recombinant \u03b1- and \u03b2-tubulin from <i>Echinococcus granulosus<\/i>: expression, purification and polymerization"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Congshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhai","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014070","volume":"21","author":"Brehm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00178-X","volume":"107","author":"Brehm","year":"2000","journal-title":"Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology"},{"key":"R3","first-page":"518","volume":"54","author":"Brunetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1202.050499","volume":"12","author":"Budke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.13.1.83","volume":"13","author":"Desai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.199471","volume":"130","author":"Gadadhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00318-6","volume":"31","author":"Gemmell","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Goodson HV, Jonasson EM. 2018. 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