{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T05:31:33Z","timestamp":1777095093004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":155,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>Gnathostoma spinigerum<\/jats:italic> is a harmful parasitic nematode that causes severe morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Effective drugs and vaccines and reliable diagnostic methods are needed to prevent and control the associated diseases; however, the lack of genome, transcriptome, and proteome databases remains a major limitation. In this study, transcriptomic and secretomic analyses of advanced third-stage larvae of <jats:italic>G. spinigerum<\/jats:italic> (aL3Gs) were performed using next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, and proteomics. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>: An analysis that incorporated transcriptome and bioinformatics data to predict excretory\u2013secretory proteins (ESPs) classified 171 and 292 proteins into classical and non-classical secretory groups, respectively. Proteins with proteolytic (metalloprotease), cell signaling regulatory (i.e., kinases and phosphatase), and metabolic regulatory function (i.e., glucose and lipid metabolism) were significantly upregulated in the transcriptome and secretome. A two-dimensional (2D) immunomic analysis of aL3Gs-ESPs with <jats:italic>G. spinigerum<\/jats:italic>-infected human sera and related helminthiases suggested that the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) was a promising antigenic target for the further development of gnathostomiasis immunodiagnostic methods. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>: The transcriptome and excretory\u2013secretory proteome of aL3Gs can facilitate an understanding of the basic molecular biology of the parasite and identifying multiple associated factors, possibly promoting the discovery of novel drugs and vaccines. The 2D-immunomic analysis identified serpin, a protein secreted from aL3Gs, as an interesting candidate for immunodiagnosis that warrants immediate evaluation and validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T07:49:16Z","timestamp":1559720956000},"page":"34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Transcriptome and excretory\u2013secretory proteome of infective-stage larvae of the nematode <i>Gnathostoma spinigerum<\/i> reveal potential immunodiagnostic targets for development"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Supaporn","family":"Nuamtanong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1154-6485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Onrapak","family":"Reamtong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orawan","family":"Phuphisut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Palang","family":"Chotsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Preeyarat","family":"Malaithong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paron","family":"Dekumyoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poom","family":"Adisakwattana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0537:IRSOGS]2.0.CO;2","volume":"86","author":"Almeyda-Artigas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.582","volume":"59","author":"Babiker","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzh037","volume":"17","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Protein Engineering, Design and Selection"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.05.028","volume":"340","author":"Bendtsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Biology"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-016-0005-x","volume":"44","author":"Benjathummarak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine and Health"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90113-7","volume":"31","author":"Boongird","year":"1977","journal-title":"Journal of the Neurological Sciences"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971968","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/971968","volume":"2011","author":"Brumlik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Signal Transduction"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2015.53.5.619","volume":"53","author":"Chai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0596-2","volume":"16","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-8-2","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Molecular Biology"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-149","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300054636","volume":"36","author":"Chernin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Medical History"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1967.16.638","volume":"16","author":"Chitanondh","year":"1967","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2004.131566","volume":"20","author":"Cole","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R17","unstructured":"Daengsvang S. 1980. 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