{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T03:44:26Z","timestamp":1791517466414,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":352,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The nematode<jats:italic>Trichinella spiralis<\/jats:italic>can cause immunoregulation during the early phase of infection. However, previous studies are still insufficient for a full understanding of this phenomenon and its underlying mechanism. In this study, immune cells and cytokine profiles of<jats:italic>T. spiralis<\/jats:italic>infected mice were examined by Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) and flow cytometry. The MSD results of the spleen showed that Th1 immunity was inhibited from 6\u00a0h to 6\u00a0days post-infection (dpi) and the level of Th2 immune response was significantly increased at 6\u00a0dpi. The mesenteric lymph node showed a Th1\/Th2 mixed immune response from 3\u00a0dpi to 6\u00a0dpi with a downtrend of Th1 at 6\u00a0dpi. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the proportion of Th1 cells of T cells was decreased significantly at 6\u00a0h after infection, the proportion of Th2 cells was markedly increased, indicating that Th1 immunity was significantly inhibited at 6\u00a0h after infection, and a hybrid immune response based on Th2 type was presented from 30\u00a0h to 6\u00a0dpi. The immunoregulation effects observed during this study have provided a better understanding of the development of the immune response induced by<jats:italic>Trichinella<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2019074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,19]],"date-time":"2019-12-19T09:18:38Z","timestamp":1576747118000},"page":"74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Regulation of host immune cells and cytokine production induced by<i>Trichinella 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