{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T17:49:39Z","timestamp":1792259379813,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"EDP Sciences","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":107,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Parasite"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The high prevalence of <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in the human population in Colombia has been linked to the existence of a high density of urban stray cats, exposing the whole population to a high density of oocysts. The goal of this study was to determine the DNA prevalence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> by conventional PCR and to phylogenetically analyze ROP18 sequences from positive samples in domestic cat (<jats:italic>Felis catus<\/jats:italic>) fecal samples in the city of Armenia, Quind\u00edo. Fecal samples from 140 cats were collected from 10 districts around the city. Samples were concentrated using Ritchie\u2019s method and analyzed through optical microscopy. Concentrates were used for DNA extraction followed by nested PCR amplification for <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> gene B1. PCR for ROP18 was performed on all B1 positive samples; the ROP18 sequences obtained were related to the Archetype I Brazilian and Chinese strains. No oocysts were detected by optical microscopy; however, 17.8% (25\/140) B1 and 24% (6\/25) ROP18 PCR-positive samples were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates clustered into a single group. We assessed whether associations existed between <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> positive fecal samples and survey variables such as cat healthcare and socioeconomic characteristics of owners, but no statistically significant associations were found. The presence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in cat feces is an important factor contributing to the high prevalence in the human population of this city.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T17:27:03Z","timestamp":1587144423000},"page":"25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Detection and genotypes of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> DNA in feces of domestic cats in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1051","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Zamora-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Trivi\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Cuadrado-R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana","family":"Lora-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Enrique G\u00f3mez-Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"250","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2006.07.010","volume":"36","author":"Afonso","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu833","volume":"211","author":"Alvarez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036","volume":"16","author":"Bandelt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular Biology and Evolution"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.046","volume":"177","author":"Berger-Schoch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.8.1787-1792.1989","volume":"27","author":"Burg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-427","volume":"7","author":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Franco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites & Vectors"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.11.1676","volume":"231","author":"Dabritz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","volume":"7","author":"Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005","volume":"39","author":"Dubey","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.12.001","volume":"145","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00071-8","volume":"27","author":"Dum\u00e8tre","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Reviews"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v32i3.439","volume":"32","author":"Echeverry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biom\u00e9dica"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009","volume":"26","author":"Elmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends in Parasitology"},{"key":"R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.12.017","volume":"200","author":"Esteves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.05.007","volume":"241","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001195","volume":"5","author":"G\u00f3mez-Marin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"R17","unstructured":"Hand M, Thatcher C, Remillard R, Roudebush P. 2000. 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